Application of microcrystalline cellulose as an efficient and cheap sorbent for the extraction of metoprolol from plasma and wastewater before HPLC–MS/MS determination

A dispersive solid-phase extraction method based on a new sorbent has been performed on plasma and wastewater samples to determine metoprolol by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. In this study, the analyte was adsorbed from the samples onto microcrystalline cellulose as a green and efficient sorbent and then eluted for use in the determination step. In the mass spectrometer, the analyte was detected in the positive mode and selectivity of the analysis was increased by sequential mass analysis through multiple reaction monitoring. All of the effective parameters in the extraction of metoprolol from plasma and wastewater were optimized. Under optimal conditions the method was linear in the ranges of 1–1,000 and 0.1–1,000 ng/ml in plasma and wastewater samples, respectively. The detection limits of the method were 0.30 and 0.03 ng/ml in plasma and wastewater samples, respectively. The data showed that the method provides low detection limit, wide linear range, good precision and high extraction recovery. Finally several plasma and wastewater samples were successfully analyzed using the method. The use of a small amount of a green and inexpensive sorbent and a low volume of plasma without the need for further pretreatment steps are the main advantages of the method.     

Trends in the detection of pharmaceuticals and endocrine-disrupting compounds by Field-Effect Transistors (FETs)

Field-effect transistors (FETs) are one of the most widely-used electronic sensors for continuous monitoring and detection of contaminants such as pharmaceuticals and endocrine-disrupting compounds at low concentrations. FETs have been successfully utilized for the rapid analysis of these environmental pollutants due to their advantageous material properties like the disposability, rapid responses and simplicity. This paper presented an up-to-date overview of applied strategies with different bio-based materials in order to enhance the analytical performances of the designed sensors. Comparison and discussion were made between characteristics of recently engineered FET bio-sensors used for the detection of famous and selected pharmaceutical compounds in the literature. The recent progress in environmental research applications, comments on interesting trends, current challenge for future research in endocrine-disrupting chemicals’ (EDCs) detection using FETs biosensors were highlighted.     

从废水到新能源:光催化燃料电池的优化与应用

随着经济的飞速发展,社会对能源的需求日益扩大,对工业废水的无害化处理也提出了更高的要求。光催化燃料电池 (photocatalytic fuel cell, PFC) 在燃料电池中引入半导体光催化材料作为电极,实现了有机污染物高效降解和同步对外产电的双重功能,在废水无害化与资源化利用方面具有潜在的应用价值。半导体光催化电极是PFC系统高效运行的核心组件,增强其可见光响应和光生载流子分离是提高PFC性能的关键策略。反应器结构设计和运行参数优化也有利于改善PFC性能。本文从PFC基本原理和应用入手,综述了PFC在环境污染物资源化处理中的研究进展,并详细阐述了提高PFC的污染控制性能和产电效率的优化手段,为进一步设计高效稳定的PFC系统并实现其在水污染控制和清洁能源生产中的应用提供理论指导。     

矿山酸性废水的治理及综合回收

研究了ｐＨ值、中和剂、硫化物等对沉淀除去酸性矿山废水中有害金属离子的影响以及回收废水中重金属离子的可能途径．确定了ＣａＣＯ３除铁－Ｈ２Ｓ沉铜、锌－石灰乳中和絮凝沉淀处理矿山酸性废水的工艺．出水水质可达到国家排放标准．硫化渣中含铜量达３２％，含锌量７．２％，可以综合回收铜、锌等有价金属．     

含氟废水处理研究与应用

本文就近年来国内对含氟废水处理研究及应用概况作了简要综述，可看出含氟废水处理的研究有了较大进展。     

高等学校污水再生利用的途径与效益研究

目的探讨高等学校污水再生利用的可行性。方法以陕西某高校为例,采用类比分析法和效益分析方法。结果某高校除去部分较难处理污水,如冲厕所产生污水、厨房污水等,可用污水为2 528 m3/d,占总污水量的67%,经处理后得到可用水约2 000 m3/d,完全满足该校区1 658 m3/d杂用水量的预算。该校区如果实施污水再生利用,每年可以节省绿化、洗车等杂水费用约52.2万元,20年收益为1 044万元。其污水再生处理工艺适合采用生物接触氧化法。结论在高等学校实施污水再生利用是必要的,而且技术是可行的。     

着生刚毛藻处理富营养化湖泊水

分别研究了室内和露天条件下在鹅卵石上着生的刚毛藻Cladophora oligoclona对富营养化湖水中氮(N)和磷(P)的净化效果及其对水华藻类生长的抑制能力,同时对处理后湖水的藻类生长潜力进行了测试.结果显示,刚毛藻在原始浓度总氮(TN)10.512 mg/L和总磷(TP)0.856 mg/L的富营养化湖水中能维持正常的生长代谢,并能有效去除水体中的N、P养分.在室内12 d培养期间,刚毛藻对TN、氨氮(NH4-N)、TP和无机磷(PO4-P)的平均去除率分别达53.13%,44.40%,35.71%和30.53%.在室外6 d培养期间,刚毛藻对TN、NH4-N、TP和PO4-P的日均减少量分别为1.643 5±0.413 9,1.350 3±0.352 4,0.113 7±0.041 1,0.074 2±0.033 0 mg/L,总去除率分别高达93.81%,94.62%,79.67%和77.66%.刚毛藻对水华微囊藻生长的抑制率达99.63%,处理后湖水的藻类生长潜力较原湖水下降了40.17%.据此认为,刚毛藻在净化污染水体、修复受损湖泊及防治水体富营养化等方面具有潜在的应用前景.     

用超滤法处理回用生活污水

研究了用超滤法处理山西铝厂生活污水站出水的阻力特性及清洗可恢复性,通过试验对比了颗粒活性炭、微滤 颗粒活性炭和混凝进行处理污水后的超滤效果.试验结果表明,污水经微滤 颗粒活性炭预处理后,可以得到较好的过滤效果,过滤阻力低;用质量浓度为500mg/L的NaClO溶液反洗浸泡后可以得到较好的清洗效果;混凝可以去除悬浮物、胶体及污水中的部分有机物,明显降低了膜过滤阻力;超滤的产水水质符合生活杂用水标准GB JXX—2001的要求.     

几种新型含氰废水净化剂的研制

用膨润土和高岭土为原料，讨论了膨润土吸附剂的改性方法，制备了系列含氰废水净化剂，进行了废水处理实验，测定了净化后水样含氰量，绘制了净化剂用量与CN^-去除率关系曲线。研究发现，经复合改性的膨润土净水效果最好。当投加1％的改性膨润土，CN^-去除率可达80％以上，并讨论了膨润土的结构与改性机理。为含CN^-离子废水处理提供了有价值的参考依据。     

甜菜糖蜜酒精废液生产菌体蛋白饲料初探

甜菜糖蜜酒精废液含有大量的有机物，pH值低，BOD、CDO值高，直接排和会造成环境的严重污染，又损失了一些有机物，在此废液中可直接接入酵母菌，使其大量繁殖，生产出的菌体粗蛋白含量达41．7％，CDO值降低了20％以上，减轻了环境污染。