Developing Flexible Quinacridone-Derivatives-Based Photothermal Evaporaters for Solar Steam and Thermoelectric Power Generation

Solar-driven interfacial vaporization by localizing solar-thermal energy conversion to the air−water interface has attracted tremendous attention. In the process of converting solar energy into heat energy, photothermal materials play an essential role. Herein, a flexible solar-thermal material di-cyan substituted 5,12-dibutylquinacridone (DCN−4CQA)@Paper was developed by coating photothermal quinacridone derivatives on the cellulose paper. The DCN−4CQA@Paper combines desired chemical and physical properties, broadband light-absorbing, and shape-conforming abilities that render efficient photothermic vaporization. Notably, synergetic coupling of solar-steam and solar-electricity technologies by integrating DCN−4CQA@Paper and the thermoelectric devices is realized without trade-offs, highlighting the practical consideration toward more impactful solar heat exploitation. Such solar distillation and low-grade heat-to-electricity generation functions can provide potential opportunities for fresh water and electricity supply in off-grid or remote areas.     

基元阀在汽轮机进汽阀研究中的应用

阀碟型线对汽轮机进汽阀的性能影响很大，本文设计了三种形式的基元阀，通过数值模拟手段研究了阀碟型线对流场的影响；得出了不同阀碟形式的性能．     

催化剂薄层内甲烷水蒸气重整反应强化管内对流换热的数值模拟

本文以竖直圆管内壁催化剂薄层内发生甲烷水蒸气重整反应强化对流换热作为研究对象,对其进行了数值模拟．结果发现,催化剂薄层内的吸热化学反应可以有效地强化对流换热,降低流体和壁面温度,从而对壁面起到保护作用;极限热流密度的大小与流体的入口温度有关,存在最佳入口温度使极限热流密度最大．     

蒸汽活化对钙基脱硫剂孔结构及固硫能力影响的实验研究

本文用实验方法研究了在电站锅炉排烟温度条件下，水蒸汽对钙基脱硫剂的活化作用．实验结果表明，蒸汽活化使得脱硫剂孔结构发生了显著变化并明显改善了脱硫剂的固硫能力．这为进一步了解活化机理及开发省水，经济的排烟脱硫技术提供了依据．     

大型电站锅炉主蒸汽温度的模块化阶梯式动态矩阵控制

针对淮南平圩电厂#1锅炉主蒸汽温度难以自动调节的问题,在充分了解系统特性、综合考虑各个扰动因素后,作者引入10个影响因素,提出了采用模块化、阶梯式动态矩阵控制方案,成功地解决了该厂2008t/h锅炉主蒸汽温度难以自动调节的问题,使其控制指标达到540±3℃之内,优于国家标准540±4℃.这一实施方案能解决大惯性、大时延及多扰动系统控制问题,具有在线辨识、滚动优化和实时反馈等优点.     

蒸球球内温度分布及测量的研究

对蒸球球内温度分布进行了详细的分析，提出采用中通管测量球内温度并通过计算机对测量值进行校正的方法，实践说明了该方法效果良好，为采用Ｈ－因子数学模型控制蒸煮过程提供了更合理的手段。     

ON THE OPTIIMAL REACTIONS ASSEMBLAGE OF COMPLEX REACTION SYSTEMS

In this paper, the author analyzes distinguishing features of complex reaction systems and single reversible reaction, and optimizes complex reaction systems starting from set theory.The method of constructing the optimal reactions assemblage and calculating the potential maximum equilibrium yield (PMEY) of objective products is proposed here. This paper points out clearly that the euqilibrium yield of objective products calculated by means of conventional method is the global equilibrium yield (GEY).It is not the thermodynamic constraint, and could be exceeded by observed yield of objective products; only PMEY is the thermodynamic constraint. It gives information on potential and possible optimal yield and thereby improving production. This paper also points out the way in which the real complex reaction system approached the optimal reactions assemblage. The new concept of PMEY and optimal reaction assemblage proposed by this Paper is universally applicable for the important complex reaction systems, such as the pyrolysis of alkane to produce ethylene, steam reforming of methane to produce syngas, production of formaldehyde from methanol, epoxidation of ethylene to produce ethylene oxide, hydrogenation of benzene to produce cyclohexane.     

煮糖汁汽加热器故障分析及防止措施

本文对糖厂用煮糖汁汽加热器的不锈钢换热管与管板连接焊缝产生的裂纹和换热管横向断裂问题,进行全面的理论分析,並结合具体情况,提出一些可行的防止焊缝裂纹和管子横向断裂的主要措施。     

稀土添加剂对烃类水蒸汽重整镍催化剂性能的影响——水蒸汽吸附的TPD研究

用程序升温脱附技术,研究了添加稀土的烃类水蒸汽重整催化剂(Ni/α-Al_2O_3)对水蒸汽的吸附性能,同未加稀土的镍催化剂作了对比。结果表明,加有稀土的镍催化剂对水蒸汽的吸附能力主要是稀土的贡献。还原态催化剂对水蒸汽的吸附量比相应的氧化态多1.4倍。发现催化剂对水蒸汽的吸附能力不仅取决于浸渍方式,而且同稀土含量有关。当稀土含量较多时,催化剂表面上呈现出三个能量不同的吸附位。稀土含量少于1.3%时。对提高催化剂吸附水蒸汽的能力已作用不大。含稀土的镍催化剂吸附水蒸汽的能力大,正是其抗结炭性能耐硫性能好的原因。     

Vapor pressure,speciation, and chemical activities in highly concentrated sodium borate solutions at 277 and 317°C

The system H₂O-B₂O₃-Na₂O has been studied experimentally at 277 and 317°C. The activities of water and boric acid have been determined at mole ratios Na/B from 0 to 1.5, and total dissolved solids 3 to 80 weight percent. The activity of boric acid has been fitted to within experimental error using a speciation model with eight complex species. This model is consistent with the model previously published by Mesmer et al. The electrolyte properties of the liquid are modeled using the Pitzer-Simonson model of very concentrated electrolyte solutions. The calculated values of water activity agree with experiment, and the activity of NaOH and pOH have also been calculated. The potassium borate system also was briefly studied at 317°C, and is adequately described by a model with five complex species. The potassium borate liquid is more alkaline at K/B= 1 than a sodium borate liquid at the same mole ratio, but pOH in the two systems is the same at lower mole ratios.