In vivo comprehensive multiphase NMR

Traditionally, due to different hardware requirements, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has developed as two separate fields: one dealing with solids, and one with solutions. Comprehensive multiphase (CMP) NMR combines all electronics and hardware (magic angle spinning [MAS], gradients, high power Radio Frequency (RF) handling, lock, susceptibility matching) into a universal probe that permits a comprehensive study of all phases (i.e., liquid, gel-like, semisolid, and solid), in intact samples. When applied in vivo, it provides unique insight into the wide array of bonds in a living system from the most mobile liquids (blood, fluids) through gels (muscle, tissues) to the most rigid (exoskeleton, shell). In this tutorial, the practical aspects of in vivo CMP NMR are discussed including: handling the organisms, rotor preparation, sample spinning, water suppression, editing experiments, and finishes with a brief look at the potential of other heteronuclei (²H, ¹⁵N, ¹⁹F, ³¹P) for in vivo research. The tutorial is aimed as a general resource for researchers interested in developing and applying MAS-based approaches to living organisms. Although the focus here is CMP NMR, many of the approaches can be adapted (or directly applied) using conventional high-resolution magic angle spinning, and in some cases, even standard solid-state NMR probes.     

THE PRACTICE OF ACRYLIC SIROSPUN YARN ON THE SEMI WORSTED SPINNING FRAME

The technique of sirospun process is applied on a modified semi-worsted balloonless spinningframe to investigate the effect of spindle-speed,yarn-twist and strand-spacing on yarn properties.Yarn breaking strength,breaking extension,evenness and imperfection are examined on the basisof CCD experimental design.Yarn hairiness is particularly concerned,being found that all spinningparameters tested have significant effects on hairiness and that the minimum number of hairs oc-curs at the strand-spacing of 14.4 mm.Compared to conventional single spun yarn,experimentshave revealed the greatest advantage of using sirospun process is that all sirospun yarns have muchless hairiness.A new sirospun yarn fault,so called“loop”,has also been examined.The most likely cause forthis yarn fault is the strand-tension unbalance between the two strands when low tension spinningis applied.Further analysis and some initial tests have been carried out in the hope of overcomingthis loop fault which is an important obstacle to the application of balloonless spinning.     

A mathematical model of the ring-spinning process

This paper develops a mathematical model of the ring-spinning process that takes into account its non-stationary nature. A complex system of differential equations is obtained, which from a mathematical point of view constitutes a ‘free-boundary’ problem. Its solution involves definition of suitable boundary conditions related to the mechanical characteristics of the process and of the spinning machine itself. The boundary conditions which determine the solution are pointed out. A numerical solution of the system of differential equations can be obtained by the Finite-Segments method, as shown in an example.     

THE INFLUENCE OF SPINNING CONDITION ON STRUCTURE & PROPERTIES OF MASS-DYED SUPERFINE PP AS-SPUN FILAMENTS

The effect of colorant additive on the rheology of PP polymer melt and the influence of spinning conditions on the crystalline and orientation structure of mass-dyed as-spun PP filament are reported. The △E~~~ value for all colored chips is higher than that of blank chip to a varying degree. The crystallinity and orientation degree of dyed PP as-spun filament decrease with increasing melt temperature, decreasing spinning speed and increasing denier per filament (dpf), while the crystallinity of dyed as-spun filament increases with the content of colorant additive as a nucleation agent.     

管道纺包芯纱的研究

本文研究了在管道纺纱机上不添加构件而进行包芯纱的纺制。分析了其包芯纱的成纱机理。观察了实际成纱的横截面,证实了棉纤维能够均匀地、完全地包覆在芯丝的周围。也对不同性质的芯丝所纺包芯纱的结构作了观察,并对不同成纱的性质随速度增加而变化的规律作了研究。     

NiAl金属间化合物熔体旋转法制备工艺参数研究

研究了金属间化合物快速凝固薄带的成型过程和影响薄带质量的工艺参数。提出了熔体在喷嘴处进行层流流动的经验关系式，给出了金属间化合物快速凝固薄带制备的最佳工艺参数。     

二十一世纪纺纱工程展望

二十一世纪,一些相关高新技术的发展和应用,将对传统工程产生巨大的影响和推动。文章在此基础上,对新世纪前半叶纺纱技术、纺纱设备以及纺纱工厂自动化的发展进行了展望。     

喷丝头组合花板的真空熔炼

化纤生产行业的粘胶，经过装在组合花板上的喷丝头在酸浴里形成化学纤维。粘胶为碱性物质，酸浴的化学成份为稀硫酸、磷酸，酸浴温度为57℃左右，组合花板内压力为10kg／cm^2，要求组合花板材料在有足够的强度下，具有高耐腐蚀性能。     

Nuclear spin-lattice relaxation mechanisms in kaolinite confirmed by magic-angle spinning

Spin-lattice relaxation mechanisms in kaolinite have been reinvestigated by magic-angle spinning (MAS) of the sample. MAS is useful to distinguish between relaxation mechanisms: the direct relaxation rate caused by the dipole-dipole interaction with electron spins is not affected by spinning while the spin diffusion-assisted relaxation rate is. Spin diffusion plays a dominant role in ¹H relaxation. MAS causes only a slight change in the relaxation behavior, because the dipolar coupling between ¹H spins is strong. ²⁹Si relaxes directly through the dipole-dipole interaction with electron spins under spinning conditions higher than 2 kHz. A spin diffusion effect has been clearly observed in the ²⁹Si relaxation of relatively pure samples under static and slow-spinning conditions. ²⁷Al relaxes through three mechanisms: phonon-coupled quadrupole interaction, spin diffusion and dipole-dipole interaction with electron spins. The first mechanism is dominant, while the last is negligibly small. Spin diffusion between ²⁷Al spins is suppressed completely at a spinning rate of 2.5 kHz. We have analyzed the relaxation behavior theoretically and discussed quantitatively. Concentrations of paramagnetic impurities, electron spin-lattice relaxation times and spin diffusion rates have been estimated.     

魔角旋转核磁共振代谢组学方法对镧、铈急性生物效应的比较研究

利用高分辨魔角旋转核磁共振(MAS 1H NMR)技术对腹腔注射不同剂量[2, 10, 50 mg/kg(体重)]的硝酸镧[La(NO3)3]和硝酸铈[Ce(NO3)3] 的雄性Wistar大鼠肝、肾组织的MAS 1H NMR谱进行比较分析, 研究了La(NO3)3和Ce(NO3)3的急性生物效应, 并结合模式识别技术对不同剂量La(NO3)3和Ce(NO3)3的急性生物效应进行了分类. 研究结果表明, La(NO3)3对大鼠的急性毒性主要表现为肝毒, Ce(NO3)3对大鼠肝、肾同时造成损伤. 该方法可用于其它稀土及金属化合物的毒性预测和毒理学研究.