Suppression of red cell diffusional water permeability by lipophilic solutes

The inhibitory effect of a series of neutral lipophilic solutes (methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, n-butanol, iso-amylalcohol, n-hexanol, diethylether, nitrobenzene, and pyridine) on the diffusional water permeability (Pd, tot) of bovine erythrocyte membrane at 25 degrees C was studied in comparison to that of p-chloromercuri benzoate (pCMB). Permeability data were obtained by measuring the transmembrane diffusional water exchange time tau(exch) using an 1H-T2 NMR technique. Maximal inhibition by approximately 50% of Pd, tot was produced by 2 mM pCMB which completely blocked the membrane water channels in 20 min, hence suggesting the channel-to-lipid diffusional water permeability ratio of about 1:1. Furthermore, the maximal inhibitory effect of pCMB in combination with the lipophilic solutes was lower than that of pCMB alone. As pCMB does not interfere with the lipid bilayer, and provided that it blocks the water channels in solute presence as well, this confirms that the solutes induce an increase in the lipid-mediated background water permeability contribution (Pd, lipid) by the formation of aqueous leaks in the membrane hydrophobic barrier. However, faster but less efficient in permeability inhibition than pCMB (either alone or combined with solutes) were the lipophilic solutes alone. Taken together, the results indicate that the lipophilic solutes suppress the membrane total permeability Pd, tot by two opposing effects: a reduction of its channel-mediated part (Pd, channel) to the extent exceeding that of a simultaneous Pd, lipid increase. The inhibitory potency of the solutes tested appears to be correlated with their solubility in the membrane medium.     

离散正交小波包及其在噪声抑制中的应用

研究有限长序列的小波包处理和噪声抑制的方法,方法用正交共轭滤波器构造有限维内积空间的正交值和分解及有限长离散小波包,分析了噪声的小波包分解系数的特性,并提出小波包变换域降噪的方法。     

Mode selective directional couplers for overmoded waveguide systems

Two types of directional couplers for transverse electric (TE) modes are described: short and multihole couplers, respectively. They selectively pick one mode out of a mode mixture in an overmoded circular waveguide system. Unwanted modes are either statistically kept at low level or are suppressed by destructive interference in the coupling waveguide. Mode selectivity and directivity in multihole couplers oscillate up and down with an increasing number of holes, finally reaching a minimum of approximately 20 dB, unless there are competing modes with rational fractions of the beat wavelength. A multihole coupler for the TE₀₂ mode (28 GHz, 63.4 mm waveguide diameter, 41 holes) and a length of 1.6 m shows a calculated directivity of 68 dB and suppresses the unwanted modes TE₀₁ with 34 dB (24 dB), TE₂₂ with 37 dB (45 dB), and further modes TE_m (<5, m<6) with 17 dB to 34 dB in forward direction (figures in parentheses are for unwanted modes propagating in backward direction).A short directional coupler for the TE₀₁ mode (28 GHz, 63.4 mm waveguide diameter) with 16 holes and a length of 230 mm shows a directivity of 55 to 100 dB between 27.9 and 28.1 GHz, suppressing the TE₀₂ mode with 35 to 80 dB, the TE₀₃ mode with 30 to 65 dB, and the TE₂₂ mode with 30 to 70 dB.     

Effects of ion-pairing reagents on the electrospray signal suppression of sulphonated dyes and intermediates

High-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) analysis of anionic species such as sulphonic acid dyes and intermediates requires volatile ion-pairing mobile phase additives. Six di- and trialkylammonium acetates were compared with tetraalkylammonium salts and ammonium acetate in the concentration range 0-20 mmol l(-1) as mobile phase additives for HPLC/MS of polysulphonated compounds. The effects of the structure and concentration of the ion-pairing reagents on the electrospray response of mono-, di- and tetrasulphonic aromatic acids and acid dyes were studied in detail. Further, five different mass analysers and instrument geometries were compared. A higher signal decrease is observed with linear geometry instruments in comparison to orthogonal or even Z-spray geometry mass spectrometers. The concentration of mobile phase additives has a significant influence on the abundance ratios of multiply charged ions in the mass spectra of polysulphonated compounds. The competing ions of sulphonic acids may also cause significant signal suppression.     

会议厅扩音机回声啸叫抑制方法研究

介绍了作者自主开发的针对会议厅扩声中声反馈啸叫的自适应抑制器．该系统采用nLMS算法，在TMS320C5402 DSP上实时实现了室内声反馈啸叫的抑制，效果良好．着重介绍系统的工作原理、软硬件的设计及系统性能测试结果．     

Kent混沌伪随机码的性能研究

文章将非线性混沌理论应用于扩频通信系统中的伪随机序列,对Kent混沌二进制序列伪随机码的性能进行分析研究,并与改进logistic混沌二进制序列伪随机码的自相关、游程、互相关均方根值、平衡特性及自相关旁瓣等性能进行比较。研究证明,Kent序列性能优良,在扩频通信和保密通信中具有较高的应用价值。     

卤化物与水玻璃复合物的抑尘性能

在恒温箱中测定了粉尘试样添加ＣａＣｌ２或ＭｇＣｌ２和水玻璃后的含水率与环境温度、湿度、有效抑尘时间等因素之间的关系．研究结果表明：（１）当环境温度低于３１℃，相对湿度高于６０％，粉尘试样中ＣａＣｌ２和水玻璃含量的质量分数分别达到２０％和１０％（ＭｇＣｌ２和水玻璃含量的质量分数为２３％和１１．５％）时，试样的含水率就能保持大于５％（质量分数）；（２）当环境温度低于４０℃，相对湿度高于５０％，粉尘试样中ＣａＣｌ２和水玻璃含量的质量分数分别达到２６％和１３％（ＭｇＣｌ２和水玻璃含量的质量分数为３０％和１５％）时，试样的含水率就能保持大于５％（质量分数）；（３）ＣａＣｌ２或ＭｇＣｌ２与水玻璃复合后，其粘尘功能进一步增强，而且其溶液的弱酸性得到进一步降低。     

固体卤化物的抑尘性能

用试验方法分别测定了含ＮａＣｌ，ＣａＣｌ２，ＭｇＣｌ２３种卤化物的粉尘试样在自然环境中昼夜周期吸湿、放湿的行为，并统计分析了试样吸湿率与吸湿剂含量、空气中的温度、湿度等因素之间的关系．其研究结果对卤化物抑制路面、地面和各种散体堆放场等的扬尘具有重要的实际意义．     

用NBS烟箱研究金属化合物在软PVC中的消烟作用

基于国内现有的原料和设备条件，通过ＮＢＳ烟箱测试的有关参数对软质ＰＶＣ体系中的几种金属化合物填料的抑烟、阻燃效果进行了较为的分析和研究，结果表明：ＡＴＨ的加入使得烟密度和生烟速率显降低，而且有效地推迟了发烟时间，ＣａＣＯ３不利于阻燃，但利于降烟，发因时间也得到一定程度的推迟，各种金属化合物对软ＰＶＣ体系的氧指数影响不大，对烟密度的影响差异很大，其中铜化物显出特别的优势，填料与金属化合物配合作用，     

张力弦-永磁动力吸振器理论及试验研究

为了实现转子系统振动抑制,设计了一种适用于旋转机械的张力弦-永磁刚度动力吸振器.利用张力弦结构的拉力-刚度可调特性,实现吸振器的频率可调;又引入永久磁铁构成的刚度机构,使得吸振器整体结构与转子系统相互分离.对转子-动力吸振器系统进行动力学建模和仿真分析,研究了吸振器的工作特性,又进行试验研究证明理论研究的正确性.研究结果表明,该吸振器可以达到转子系统振动抑制的效果,在永磁刚度机构磁铁间距小时吸振器效果好且更加稳定.