放顶煤工作面综合防灭火技术研究与应用

对江苏大屯煤电公司龙东矿放顶煤工作面的防灭火实用技术进行了阐述。重点分析了放顶煤开采在掘进、回采、停采时期的煤炭自然发火的原因和所采取的针对性防治技术。     

阳泉贵石沟矿区丈八煤层自燃原因浅析及对策

文章对阳泉贵石沟矿区丈八煤层自然发火情况进行了分析，揭示了煤层自燃发火的机理及原因，从而找到了治理的对策。     

A normalised residence time transport equation for the numerical simulation of combustion with high-temperature air

This study concerns the numerical simulation of turbulent non-premixed combustion in highly preheated air streams. One of the objectives is to settle an efficient computational procedure to proceed with the numerical simulation of large-scale industrial devices. It is also expected that the availability of such a computational framework may facilitate comprehensive sensitivity analyses as well as the development of mathematical models able to represent turbulence-chemistry interactions (TCI) in such conditions. Based on the salient physical ingredients that characterise scalar mixing, propagation, and self-ignition processes, a turbulent combustion modelling framework is thus introduced and applied to the numerical simulation of well-documented laboratory flames. In the corresponding geometries, the bulk flow velocities of the reactants streams can reach rather large values, which lead the flame to lift from the burner rim. Partially premixed flame edges thus stabilise the whole flame structure and the temperature of the oxidising stream can be increased by vitiation with burned gases so as to promote the corresponding flame-stabilisation processes. For sufficiently large values of the vitiated airstream temperature, self-ignition mechanisms may be triggered thus leading to a competition between mixing, propagation, and ignition processes. In this context, the ratio of the residence time to the self-ignition delay is thought to be a relevant variable to delineate the possible influence of ignition phenomena. Therefore, a modelled transport equation for this normalised residence time is considered. The performance of the corresponding modelling proposal is analysed with special emphasis placed on its ability to reproduce ‘memory’ or ‘lagrangian’ effects related to thermal aging processes. In this respect, it is noteworthy that the present set of computations makes use of tabulated quantities associated to (i) steady laminar one-dimensional diffusion flamelets, so as to describe the composition of combustion products, (ii) steady laminar one-dimensional premixed flamelets, to describe the flame brush propagation, and (iii) temporal evolution of zero-dimensional homogeneous mixtures to account for the possible occurrence of self-ignition phenomena. In particular, the tabulated self-ignition time value is used to evaluate the increase in the normalised residence time. Finally, two modelling parameters are put into evidence and studied through a detailed sensitivity analysis.     

矿井自燃发火计算机预报系统开发的实践

在对生产现场进行比较详细的调查、分析的基础上,提出了实现自燃发火计算机动态预测预报系统的功能目标和结构,进行了详细的系统设计,完成了系统程序编制和调试,并在龙东煤矿投入运行。     

褐煤自然发火特性实验及数值模拟

 为研究褐煤的自然发火特性,采用恒温加热法,对不同尺寸的立方体网状容器内的煤样进行实验,得到煤样的升温曲线和临界自燃点温度。根据实验条件,应用Fluent软件建立煤样升温过程的温度场、空气渗流场和氧气浓度场三场耦合模型。实验与模拟结果表明：煤体体积越大,临界自燃温度越低;当环境温度高于临界自燃温度值,煤体能够自燃,反之煤体不能自燃;煤体升温过程中的温度场、空气渗流场和氧气浓度场是随着时间变化并且相互影响的。     

梁宝寺煤矿小煤样自燃升温指标气体的试验研究

利用自行设计的煤炭自燃热解实验装置,研究了不同供氧浓度下煤样升温氧化特性及自燃升温过程中产生氧化气体和碳氢类气体解吸涌出规律,并在此基础上确定了梁宝寺煤矿煤炭自燃预报的指标气体。实验结果表明：若研风流中检洲到C2H4气体,此时煤温可能达到或超过100℃左右,需采取有效的措施,进行灭火。     

含煤盆地表生热液铀成矿理论及证据：以伊犁盆地南缘及鄂尔多斯盆地东北部侏罗系为例

基于伊犁盆地南缘及鄂尔多斯盆地东北部侏罗系砂岩铀矿露头剖面与岩心观察、扫描电镜及显微薄片测试与分析、有机质成熟度测试以及前人研究成果,认为砂岩铀矿中常见的红、褐色“氧化带”砂岩及“过渡带”白色砂岩属于烧变岩,提出表生热液的概念,由此将煤层自燃与砂岩铀矿的形成联系起来,提出中国北方含煤盆地煤层自燃促进铀的富集成矿的设想。即煤层在新生代干旱气候条件下自燃,在相对湿润气候条件下大气降雨影响煤的自燃,形成表生热液,携带从自燃煤层及附近高温烧烤岩层中释放的 U6＋沿渗透性岩层流动,在流动遇阻及温度降低条件下铀元素从（已经降温的）表生热流体中析出,并富集成矿。该成矿模式对中国北方陆相盆地“层间氧化带”、“潜水氧化带”砂岩型铀矿提出新的成因解释。其证据主要体现在：（1）烧变岩与铀矿在空间上的相关性;（2）“氧化-还原带”砂岩微观特征;（3）铀石激光原位同位素年龄测定数据;（4）伊犁盆地煤等有机质成熟度;（5）伊犁盆地及鄂尔多斯盆地方解石胶结物流体包裹体测试数据;（6）鄂尔多斯盆地北部同位素测试数据等。该模式合理解释了砂岩型铀矿主要分布于中国北方的原因,预示着煤层自燃形成的烧变岩及（近地表）表生热液疏导体系是陆相含煤盆地表生热液砂岩型铀矿主要的找矿标志。     

采用前向多层神经网络预测煤的自然发火期

煤自燃是煤氧复合的结果,在不同温度下煤氧复合的耗氧速率及CO、CO2产生率与煤的实验自然发火期之间存在复杂的对应关系,采用S型函数的前向多层人工神经网络来描述这种对应关系,用煤自然发火实验测定的数十个煤样的自然发火期及不同温度下耗氧速率及CO、CO2产生率作为训练样本,用BP算法对网络进行训练,得到了神经元间的联结强度.通过少量煤样程序升温氧化实验得到不同温度下煤样的耗氧速率及CO、CO2产生率,将其代入此人工神经网络程序就可以确定煤的实验自然发火期.该方法实验时间短、用煤量少得多,结果与实际吻合.     

防灭火含水技术措施的研究与实践

首次运用燃烧理论和传热传质理论，研究了含水技术措施防治煤炭自燃的作用机理；介绍了低压汽雾技术和引水灌注采空区技术在现场的试验研究与应用图１，表２，参６     

采煤工作面注氮防灭火技术初探

分析了宁武煤田4号、9号煤层自燃发火的原因,阐述了注氮防灭火技术的主要优点及具体实施方法和工艺,讨论了注氮防灭火技术效果。