Rocky coast processes: with special reference to the recession of soft rock cliffs

Substantial progress in research on the recession of coastal cliffs composed of soft materials has been made in recent years and data with higher accuracy have been accumulated. This paper provides the state of the art review in the recession studies and highlights two new findings obtained from the reanalysis of existing data. The review topics are: episodic and localized nature of cliff recession; the development of cliffline; the relationship between cliff height and recession rate; mechanisms of cliff toe erosion by waves; a fundamental equation for wave-induced toe erosion; factors controlling toe erosion; and slope instabilities and mass movements. The findings are presented on (1) the temporal change in cliffline recession mode and (2) the effect of beach sediment at the cliff base on the cliff erosion.     

基因组重排问题的一个近似算法

分子生物学中基因无方向的反向基因组重排问题在数学上已被证明是一个NP困难问题．基于断点图的概念，给出一个时间复杂性为O(max{b^(π)，nb(π)})，空间复杂性为0(n)的求其近似最优解的算法．其中n为基因组中基因个数，π=(π1,π2，…，πn)表示n个基因的一种排列，b(π)表示排列π中的断点数．数据实验的结果表明，该近似算法可以求得较好的结果．     

基于手机的无线搜索技术

无线搜索已成为一个新的研究、开发领域.并且它主要用到信息检索、人工智能、数据挖掘、自然语言处理、排序算法等多领域的理论和技术.此外,它拥有大量的用户,有很好的经济价值,所以引起了世界各国计算机科学界和信息产业界的高度关注,目前的研究、开发十分活跃,并出现了很多值得注意的动向.     

Analysis of saltation characteristics of bed-load transport in flowing water

The study of bed-load transport is of great significance both in theory and in practice. This paper discusses the saltation of bed-load solid grains in flowing water. Experiments and theoretic analysis have been made by means of high-speed photographing and advanced data processing technique with a combined method based on mechanical and statistical theories. It indicates that the saltation is the main form of the bed-load transport under ordinary flowing conditions. In the meantime, taking successive saltation as the model of bed-load transport, systematic analysis has been made with regard to the kinematic properties and mechanism of saltation. The statistical analysis shows that the probability density functions of the relative height and length of saltation are in conformity with Γ-type distribution, while the probability density functions of the relative velocities of saltation are in conformity with the Gaussian distribution. The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China     

水泥处理的沉积淤泥膨胀试验及其矿物机理分析

为研究经过水泥掺合处理的河道沉积淤泥作为路基填料的膨胀性能，对不同初始含水量（质量分数分别为90％，130％和170％）的淤泥经不同掺合比（按湿质量计分别为9％，11％和13％）的水泥处理后形成的多种不同的水泥土试样进行了为期一个月的初次膨胀试验及试样干燥三个月后重新浸水的二次膨胀试验。试验结果表明试样的初次膨胀值很不显著，但二次浸水膨胀试验表明试样的总膨胀量有增大的趋势。试样的X射线衍射分析从矿物形成方面解释了水泥土膨胀性能的内在机理。     

Influence of humic substances on sorption and methylation processes of inorganic- and organo-tin species

The influence of humic substances on sorption and methylation processes for inorganic- and organotin species is presented. Four sediment samples from different locations of the Rivers Elbe, Mulde and Spittelwasser, Germany, with different organotin and humic contents were selected to extract the humic and fulvic acids. The various fractions—the original sediment, the humic acid, the fulvic acid and the residual sediment—were analysed for their organotin content. The individual buyltin species show quite different distribution patterns. Monobutyltin is found mostly associated with humic acids. Dibutyltin shows a nonunique behaviour. At low total organotin content, dibutyltin is found bonded to humic and fulvic acids, whereas at high organotin content dibutyltin is distributed more with the residual sediment. Most of the tributyltin remains in the sediment unextracted; only small quantities of it are in the fulvic acid fraction. Tetrabutyltin is only in the humic acid fraction when it binds to humic matter; it mostly remains in the sediment. General observations indicate that ionic butyltin species bind to fulvic acids whereas the non-polar tetrabutyltin is not found in the fulvic acid fractions in any of the samples. The appearance of monomethyl- and dimethyl-tin species in the humic and fulvic acid fractions after the alkaline extraction was surprising. There is a correlation between the humic content of the sample and the formation of methyltin species. Evidence is provided by experiments that humic substances act as methylation agents.     

BIOMARKERS INDICATING SEDIMENTARY PALEOENVIRONMENTS

Samples involved in this paper are 35 pieces of crude oils and 43 pieces of source rocks, from which a series of biomarkers, capable of indicating paleoecology and paleoenvironment. This will provide a scientific basis for tracing back to sedimenta-y paleoenvironment and paleoecology.     

超声提取-超高效液相串联质谱分析沉积物中15种抗生素

在现有方法基础上对沉积物中磺胺类、喹诺酮类、大环内脂类和四环素类抗生素的提取、富集、净化以及仪器分析方法进行了优化。以EDTA-Mcllvaine缓冲溶液与乙腈(V:V,1:1)混合液作为提取液,利用超声波细胞破碎仪进行超声提取,串联强阴离子交换柱(SAX)和HLB固相萃取柱进行固相萃取(SPE),通过超高效液相/串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)测定沉积物中抗生素的含量。抗生素基质加标回收率在56.4%~110%,相对标准偏差为1.1%~24.3%,方法检出限0.0055~0.716 ng/g。本方法有效地提高了沉积物中抗生素的提取效率,并应用于实际样品的测定中。     

河口地区沉积物的溯河搬运

在长江、南流江、钱塘江河口地区的现场观测表明,涨潮流是使沉积物溯河搬运的主要动力,而有孔虫和铁皂石则分别代表溯河搬运的“轻”、重矿物。这种海相微体化石和海相自生矿物不仅见于河口地区,而且出现在全新世沉积层中。沉积物溯河搬运的研究进一步说明了长江三角洲地区海进河床充填层序的形成和解释了全新世太湖地区的某些海侵沉积问题。     

Pyrite Genesis During Early Diagenesis in Yellow Sea and East China Sea

The content and isotopic compositions of different sulphur species in pore-water and solid phases have been examined on five sediment cores taken from muddy sediment region in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. Relationships among these data have been investigated with the combination of morphology of mineral pyrite and organic matter so as to role out the diagenetic behaviour of sulphur species at the early stage of diagenesis in modern marine sediment and the origin of pyrite formation.