高职生“学习参与度”对创新创业核心素养的影响机制研究

通过对523名高职学生进行实地调研,探析“学习参与度”对学生创新创业核心素养的影响机制。结果显示:课程建设、教师引导、资源支持对学习心理参与度影响显著;教师引导、资源支持、社会实践对学习行为参与度影响显著。学习参与度显著影响创业意识、创新精神、创业能力。提出优化对策:重视学生创新创业核心素养的培养;提高学生创新创业学习参与度;人际互动提升学习心理参与度;协同培育提高学习行为参与度。     

A DFT study on mechanisms of CO2 coupling with propargylic alcohols using alkali carbonates

The mechanisms of CO₂ coupling with the propargylic alcohol using alkali carbonates M₂CO₃ (M = Li, Na, K, Cs) have been investigated by means of density functional theory calculations. The calculations reveal that the target product tetronic acid (TA) is yielded through two stages: (a) the formation of the α-alkylidene cyclic carbonate (αACC) intermediate via Cs₂CO₃-mediated carboxylative cyclization of the propargylic alcohol with CO₂, and (b) the conversion of the αACC intermediate with Cs₂CO₃ to produce the cesium salt of the TA. Since the overall kinetic barriers for the two stages are comparable and affordable, the excellent chemoselectivity to the TA should be primarily originated from the high thermodynamic stability of the cesium salt of the TA. Moreover, relative to the TA, the possibility to yield the by-product acyclic carbonate can be excluded due to the both kinetics and thermodynamic inferiority. This result is different from the organic base-mediated reaction. Alternatively, our calculations predict that CsHCO₃ together generated with the cesium salt of the TA might also be an available mediating reagent for the incorporation of CO₂ with the propargylic alcohol. Compared to other alkali carbonates M₂CO₃ (M = Li, Na, K), the stronger basicity of Cs₂CO₃ and the lower ionic potential of cesium ion can raise the effective concentration of the αACC intermediate, and thus the conversion of the αACC intermediate into the cesium salt of the TA can be achieved with high yield.     

现代信息检索理论架构研究

信息作为一种新的资源,对当代经济和社会的发展起着非常重要的作用,如何高效快捷地利用现代信息是当前我国信息检索领域研究的重要问题。阐述了现代信息检索理论架构研究的前提,分析了当前主要的信息检索理论,探讨了网络信息检索的主要方法。     

基于电化学老化衰退模型的锂离子动力电池外特性

当前锂离子动力电池电化学模型存在模型复杂、建模难度大、计算效率低、老化评估效果差的问题,本文提出一种考虑电池衰退老化的机理模型(ADME).本文首先通过有限差分法对伪二维(P2D)电化学模型进行离散降阶处理,得到简化伪二维(SP2D)模型.在SP2D模型的基础上,基于阴阳两极发生的副反应导致的衰退老化现象,提出一种考虑电池衰退老化的机理模型.其次,使用多变量偏差补偿最小二乘法实现模型参数辨识.最后通过动力电池衰退老化性能循环实验,对比分析了恒流、脉冲工况下SP2D模型和ADME模型的终端电压输出.结果表明:ADME模型较为简单、计算效率和估算精度高,可以有效评估电池容量老化衰退,得到理想的锂离子动力电池外特性曲线.     

Atmospheric chemistry of diazomethane – an experimental and theoretical study

The kinetics of the O₃, OH and NO₃ radical reactions with diazomethane were studied in smog chamber experiments employing long-path FTIR and PTR-ToF-MS detection. The rate coefficients were determined to be k _CH2NN+O3?=?(3.2?±?0.4)?×?10^?17 and k _CH2NN+OH?=?(1.68?±?0.12)?×?10^?10 cm³ molecule^?1 s^?1 at 295?±?3?K and 1013?±?30 hPa, whereas the CH₂NN?+?NO₃ reaction was too fast to be determined in the static smog chamber experiments. Formaldehyde was the sole product observed in all the reactions. The experimental results are supported by CCSD(T*)-F12a/aug-cc-pVTZ//M062X/aug-cc-pVTZ calculations showing the reactions to proceed exclusively via addition to the carbon atom. The atmospheric fate of diazomethane is discussed.     

DFT mechanistic study of the H2‐assisted chain transfer copolymerization of propylene and p‐methylstyrene catalyzed by zirconocene complex

DFT computations have been performed to investigate the mechanism of H₂‐assisted chain transfer strategy to functionalize polypropylene via Zr‐catalyzed copolymerization of propylene and p‐methylstyrene (pMS). The study unveils the following: (i) propylene prefers 1,2‐insertion over 2,1‐insertion both kinetically and thermodynamically, explaining the observed 1,2‐insertion regioselectivity for propylene insertion. (ii) The 2,1‐inserion of pMS is kinetically less favorable but thermodynamically more favorable than 1,2‐insertion. The observation of 2,1‐insertion pMS at the end of polymer chain is due to thermodynamic control and that the barrier difference between the two insertion modes become smaller as the chain length becomes longer. (iii) The pMS insertion results in much higher barriers for subsequent either propylene or pMS insertion, which causes deactivation of the catalytic system. (iv) Small H₂ can react with the deactivated [Zr]?pMS?PP_n facilely, which displace functionalized pMS?PP_n chain and regenerate [Zr]? H active catalyst to continue copolymerization. The effects of counterions are also discussed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015 , 53, 576–585     

一种基于用户偏好和反馈的页面排序技术

传统的排名方法没有考虑用户的喜好、反馈和用户兴趣,很难满足用户的个性化需求.针对这个问题,提出一种新的网页排名方法,将网页的相似度、链接结构信息、用户偏好及用户反馈相结合进行页面排名.实验结果表明,改进的排序算法在一定程度上帮助用户提高检索网页的质量,最大限度地满足用户的需求.     

Voltammetric study of the behaviour of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol in aqueous solutions at a platinum electrode

The electrochemical oxidation of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (PAR) was investigated at a Pt electrode with the application of cyclic (CV) and differential pulse (DPV) voltammetry methods. An effect of scan rate, substrate concentration and pH on electrode reactions was determined. The parameters of substrate electro-oxidation, i.e. heterogeneous rate constant, charge transfer coefficient, and diffusion coefficient, were calculated. Our investigation's results prove the exchange of two electrons and one proton in the first step, followed by a chemical reaction. PAR electro-oxidation occurs according to an EC mechanism.