Mechanism of Kenaf Retting Using Aerobes

The experimental results showed that the duration of microbial retting processing of kenaf fibers by using aerobic microbe was four times shorter than that by using anaerobic microbe. The residual gum percentage, breaking strength, breaking elongation and linear density of aerobic retted kenaf bundle fibers did not show significantly difference with that of anaerobic retted kenaf bundle fibers by ANOVA-Tukey's studentized test at a = 5% except for the softness. The bioenergetic principle and the calculation of the amount of ATP produced during the decomposition processing of kenaf gums were used to explain why the retting duration in the case of using aerobic microbes was much shorter than that of using anaerobic microbes.     

朱元璋“夜陷麻湖”考

清初谷应泰撰《明史纪事本末》载朱元璋云游淮西时曾"夜陷麻湖",但"麻湖"具体所指语焉不详。通过有关史实及其他佐证,可以认定此"麻湖"非某一具体地名,应为皖西境内的沤麻之湖。     

Characterization of Bacterial Strains Isolated from a Novel Seawater-based Retting Treatment of Hemp

Cultivable bacteria were isolated from seawater-based retting treatment of hemp, in which three of purified strains （SW- 1, SW- 2, and S-SW1） produced relatively high levels of pectinase activities, and also produced mannanases and xylanases. PCR-based entebacterial repetitive intergenic consensus primers （ERIC-PCR） were employed for fingerprinting DNA of the bacterial strains. The ERIC-PCR fingerprints of stains SW- 1, SW- 2, and S-SW1 were found to be different, and should be further identified for each isolate. Strains SW- 1 and SW- 2 were identified as Stenotrophomnas maltophilia, while strain S-SW1 was assigned to Ochrobactrum anthropi by BIOLOG system. These two species represented rhizosphere bacterial genera, and possibly were introduced by the hemp plants. These organisms seemed potentially capable of producing pectinase and hemicellulase, and thus effectively degrading the gum substances in the seawater retting. This research could be helpful for improving a novel seawater-based retting treatment of hemp.     

Vibrational Spectroscopic Analyses and Imaging of the Early Middle Ages Hemp Bast Fibres Recovered from Lake Sediments

Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and imaging combined with hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was applied to analyse biochemical properties of Early Middle Ages hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) bast fibres collected from lake bottom sediment of lake Słone. The examined plant macrofossil material constitutes residues of the hemp retting process that took place in the 7th–8th century. By comparison of three samples: untreated isolated bast fibres, and fibres incubated overnight at 4 and 37 °C, we were able to mimic the retting conditions. Using FT-IR qualitative and semi-quantitative assessment of the primary polysaccharides content, total protein content, and their spatial distribution was performed within the hemp fibres. The concentration of cellulose remained vastly unchanged, while the concentration of lignin and pectin was the highest in the untreated sample. The spatial distributions of compounds were heterogeneous in the untreated and 4 °C-incubated samples, and homogenous in the specimen processed at 37 °C. Interestingly, a higher amide content was detected in the latter sample indicating the highest degree of enzymatic degradation. In this study, we show that the spectroscopic methods allow for a non-destructive evaluation of biochemical composition of plant fibres without preparation, which can be an appropriate approach for studying ancient plant remains.     

民间烫伤药初生褐家鼠麻油浸膏

本文简要介绍了我国江淮地区民间用于治疗烫伤的初生褐家鼠麻油浸膏的原料、制作方法和功效等。     

采用SBR法处理麻生物脱胶废水的研究

采用序批式活性污泥法（SBR）处理麻生物脱胶废水,与传统方法相比,废水中的COD、SS显著减少,且占地面积小、耐冲击负荷、污泥产生量少、能有效抑制丝状菌繁殖。当进水COD浓度为582.2～1665.7mg/L、进水SS浓度为106～915ml/L时,COD去除率为62.8%～86.9%,SS去除率为61.3%～88.6%。研究表明,进水[COD]在1000mg/L以下,宜采用限制性曝气;[COD]在1000mg/L以上,宜采用非限制性曝气。研究了一级生物降解反应动力学,得到了动力学常数K1和不可降解有机物浓度,模拟数与试验数据吻合良好。     

生物能力学原理在红麻好氧性微生物脱胶中的应用

用实验证实了红麻纤维在微生物好氧条件下的脱胶速度比在厌氧条件下快四倍,且前者残胶率也低于后者.根据生物能力学原理并通过ATP数量计算从理论上论证了上述的实验结果.     

我国红麻纤维厌氧微生物脱胶研究现状

首先总结了“天然水沤麻”脱胶方法的演变、改进及其特点,然后概括了人工加菌厌氧微生物脱胶方法及其影响因素和脱胶液成分的变化规律.天然水沤麻存在费工、费时、劳动强度大、质量不稳定、污染环境等缺点.改进的天然水沤麻法由于最终离不开天然水域,不能从根本上解决沤麻带来的污染问题.人工加菌厌氧微生物脱胶法,尚未大批用于生产.     

含氮添加剂对红麻好氧微生物脱胶的影响

用实验证明了含氮添加剂对红麻好氧微生物脱胶速度有较大的影响,其中以氨氮的脱胶速度最快.在空气流量1.5L/min、38℃、废液回用比1/3、浴比1:40、起始pH值为7.0、氨氮含量占麻重5%的条件下,经开水沸煮lh的红麻生麻的脱胶时间为20h,比硝酸盐快33%.接着通过对微生物生长量的计算,从理论上论证了上述的实验结果.     

沤竹产物的性能表征

采用核磁共振碳谱、傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)分析的方法,结合纺织标准GB/T 5889—1986,定性和定量地分析沤竹产物(简称竹束)的化学成分.通过光学显微镜和X射线衍射研究竹束的形态及结晶构型.通过热重(TG)分析研究竹束的热性能,并与竹子原料及纤维成品进行对比.此外,还研究了竹束对环境湿度的敏感性,包括吸水能力和吸湿放湿特性.研究结果表明,沤制工艺可以有效分解和去除竹子中的黏结物质,分离出竹束.所得竹束主要成分为纤维素、半纤维素和木质素,各组分质量分数分别为42.25%,35.61%,19.39%,与竹原料各组分质量分数有所不同.该竹束可作为竹纤维生物脱胶工艺中的半成品,为后道机械细化处理或酶处理提供原料基础.