词语的隐义及其对使用的制约

汉语中某些词语除了具有表面显现的反映义以外，还有隐含在使用上的某些特殊要求和含义。词语的隐义在其使用中表现为感情褒贬的不同，使用范围及语义轻重的差异，搭配上对词语的限定等。     

西方发达国家反垄断立法有关企业合并对我国的启示

规制企业合并是现代反垄断法的核心.西方主要发达国家对企业合并的反垄断立法已相当地成熟和完善.中国迄今尚未有反垄断法出台,基于入世后的现实情况,制定反垄断法以规范企业的合并行为已势在必行.文章通过主要发达国家反垄断法研究,结合中国实际就对立法体例、企业合并范围界定、不同类型企业合并的立法态度提出一些可行性建议或设想.     

On the Kernel of Restriction of Characters*

Let G be a finite group, H be a proper subgroup of G, and S be a unitary subring of C. The kernel of the restriction map S[Irr(G)] → S[Irr(H)] as a ring homomorphism is studied. As a corollary, the main result in [Isaacs, I. M. and Navarro, G., Injective restriction of characters, Arch. Math., 108, 2017, 437–439] is reproved.     

Dye-ligand chromatography for the resolution and purification of restriction endonucleases

The resolution of restriction endonucleases from the same microorganism is conventionally achieved by lengthy fractionation protocols. We now report effective single-step procedures that exploit dye-ligand chromatography for the resolution and purification of restriction enzymes. After suitable initial screening, we demonstrated that resolution of two restriction activites can be achieved in one chromatographic step, and further purification can subsequently be effected using selected dye-adsorbents. Accordingly, we resolved in one step, Hpa I from Hpa II, Hind II from Hind III, and Sac I from Sac II. Furthermore, a three-step Chromatographic procedure has been developed to purify EcoRV suitable for commercial exploitation, as judged by the “overdigestion” and “cut-ligate-recut” quality control tests.     

Effect of glutaraldehyde on the activity of some DNA restriction endonucleases

The effect of the bifunctional crosslinking reagent glutaraldehyde on the activity of the restriction enzymes Bam HI,Hind III, EcoRI, and Tthlll I was investigated. The four enzymes exhibited differential sensitivity to inactivation. Tthlll I was the most sensitive, with activity losses occurring at levels of 0.0025% and above.Hind III was the most stable of the four and remained fully active at concentrations as high as 0.075%. Addition of BSA to incubation mixtures generally had a stabilizing effect. Implications of these results for the design of glutaraldehyde-based methods for the immobilization of restriction endonucleases are discussed.     

Chemical shift driven geometry optimization

A new method for refinement of 3D molecular structures by geometry optimization is presented. Prerequisites are a force field and a very fast procedure for the calculation of chemical shifts in every step of optimization. To the energy, provided by the force field (COSMOS force field), a pseudoenergy, depending on the difference between experimental and calculated chemical shifts, is added. In addition to the energy gradients, pseudoforces are computed. This requires the derivatives of the chemical shifts with respect to the coordinates. The pseudoforces are analytically derived from the integral expressions of the bond polarization theory. Single chemical shift values attributed to corresponding atoms are considered for structural correction. As a first example, this method is applied for proton position refinement of the D-mannitol X-ray structure. A crystal structure refinement with 13C chemical shift pseudoforces is carried out.     

略论古罗马共和国的权力制衡机制

古罗马共和国的权力制衡发轫于王政末期，在共和国中期趋于成熟。它在维护古罗马共和国的稳定、促进罗马国家的发展与强盛方面起了极其重要的作用；同时，它也是古罗马人留给后世的宝贵的智慧和制度遗产，对后世产生深远的影响。     

关于数据库的数据完整性探讨

数据完整性是指存储在数据库中的数据的正确性和可靠性，文章从数据完整性的角度出发，分别对数据完整性的实现两种方法进行了探讨和比较，并且以案例的形式对SQL3的触发程序的设计进行了说明，希望对开发更好的数据库起到一定的作用．     

钢管混凝土轴向受压短柱承载力的统一解

应用双剪统一强度理论，分别对轴心受压钢管混凝土短柱的核心混凝土和薄壁钢管在三向应力状态下的轴向极限应力进行理论分析，得出侧向力对核心混凝土、薄壁钢管和钢管混凝土柱的3个约束效应系数，推导出钢管混凝土轴向受压短柱承栽力的统一解。与有关文献的试验结果比较，结论基本一致，证明双剪统一强度理论对钢管混凝土的理论分析有很好的适用性。该推导结果为钢管混凝土承载力分析计算提供了一定的理论依据。     

MD110程控交换机的话务限制

针对在日常使用和维护MD110程控交换机时,经常需要进行话务限制的情况,主要介绍了MD110程控交换机进行话务限制时所需的3个参数(TCD类别、话务连接矩阵、用户组CUST),给出了话务限制数据的设置原则和编写步骤,对实际工作中存在的问题加以举例说明,并给出了相应的解决方法,力求做到全局话务持续限制合理有效,使系统运行可靠稳定。