Action learning versus strategy learning

This article seeks to ascertain whether the strategy‐learning model of Hanaki, Sethi, Erev, and Peterhansl (2003) better accounts for observed behavior than do the various action‐learning models. It does so by measuring the goodness‐of‐fit of the models' predictions against published experimental results for such games as Coordination, Prisoner's Dilemma, and Chicken. The fit is measured via the mean squared deviation (MSD) between the observed behavior and the one predicted by the model. The results show that, for Chicken, the strategy‐learning model fits the observed data much better than do the action‐learning models. The best action‐learning model, on the other hand, fits the observed data well in Coordination. Overall, the strength of the strategy‐learning model is best shown in games where alternations between the two stage‐game Nash equilibria are often observed in the laboratory experiments. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 9: 41–50, 2004     

合作学习在体育教学中的运用

在体育教学中通过对合作学习的定义、内涵、基本要素等的探索，使合作学习和新课程标准所提出的理念能够较为完善地结合，把合作学习运用到体育教学中去，推动体育教学多角度全方位的发展，目的是促进学生的身心健康和丰富体育教学的内涵。     

Recent developments in the statistical processing of textual data

Statisticians are accustomed to processing numerical, ordinal or nominal data. In many circumstances, such as socio-economic, epidemiologic sample surveys and documentary data bases, this data is juxtaposed with textual data (for example, responses to open questions in surveys). This article presents a series of language-independent procedures based upon applying multivariate techniques (such as correspondence analysis and clustering) to sets of generalized lexical profiles. The generalized lexical profile of a text is a vector whose components are the frequencies of each word (graphical form) or ‘repeated segment’ (sequence of words appearing with a significant frequency in the text). The processing of such large (and often sparse) vectors and matrices requires special algorithms. The main outputs are the following: (1) printouts of the characteristic words and characteristic responses for each category of respondent (these categories are generally derived from available nominal variables); (2) graphical displays of the proximities between words or segments and categories of respondents; (3) when analysing a combination of several texts: graphical displays of proximities between words or segments and each text, or between words or segments and groupings of texts. The systematic use of ‘repeated segments’ provides a valuable help in interpreting the results from a semantic point of view.     

The velocity correlation function for the Lorentz gas

The results of variational solutions of the repeated ring and self-consistent repeated ring equations for the two-and three-dimensional overlapping Lorentz gas (LG), as formulated in a previous report, are presented. Calculations of the full velocity correlation function (VCF) for the 2D LG, including long-time tails, are compared with those from molecular dynamics. The trial functions chosen lead to predictions for the long-time tails that improve as the density of the scatterers is increased. At a value of 0.24 for* (= ², where is the density and the radius of scatterers), the self-consistent amplitudes of the long-time tail are within 40% of the molecular dynamics. A limited number of 3D results for the short-time behavior of the repeated ring VCF are presented. The 3D solutions agree with the molecular dynamics to within 10%.     

Non-stoichiometry of YBa2Cu3O7-d Observed by Repeated Temperature Scanning

Repeated temperature scanning method was applied to observe non-stoichiometry of YBa₂Cu₃O₇-d, and interesting results were obtained. Two simultaneously occurring processes were separately observed in mass change; one is a fast process and the other is slow, so that their responses to the temperature change are quite different from each other. The fast process follows the cyclic temperature change, but the slow process is observed to be a gradual mass change. Kinetic behaviors of these two processes are also made clear by plotting the mass vs. the temperature. Furthermore, a hysteresis loop was observed in the plot of the mass vs. the temperature in a high temperature range presumably due to the third process, and it depends on the heating and cooling rates. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Phase transfer catalytic system with the third liquid phase

Phase transfer catalysis, a technique to bring the reactants in two immiscible phases together by adding a phase transfer agent, has been employed in the production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals in the last few decades. The third liquid phase (catalytic phase) may be formed when phase transfer catalysts (PTC), cannot be dissolved in either organic or aqueous phase. The third phase catalytic systems have the following three advantages, that is, (1) high activity (2) repeated use and (3) separation between the organic phase and the aqueous phase. It is expected that simple new processes can be constructed by applying these three advantages.     

樟脑醌合成的研究进展

樟脑醌是由樟脑衍生的重要精细化工产品，它在国际市场上的价格是樟脑的数十倍甚至上百倍。我国主要将樟脑作为初级产品出口，在樟脑的高值化衍生物的开发方面还较薄弱。本文详述了近四十年来，国际上对樟脑醌的合成及应用的研究进展。     

Web使用挖掘数据源分析

讨论了Web使用挖掘过程的3个步骤,即数据获取与数据预处理、模式发现和模式分析,从服务器端、代理服务器端和客户端3个方面详细分析Web使用挖掘数据源的特征,指出了目前Web使用挖掘的数据源研究存在的不足,并给出了Web使用挖掘的数据源未来的研究方向.     

试论中国典故用法类型的划分

用典方法的传统分类，往往忽视其“划分标准”，仅将一系列用典方法递次排列在同一个逻辑平面上，以致形成交叉概念“不当并列”的逻辑错误。用典方法的分类，首先应确立“取意角度”、“用事目标”、“述典方式”、“取事数量”等几个不同的分类标准，然后分别划分出不同标准之下的若干类型，从而形成合乎逻辑的多层次立体结构。