Bioactive materials for bone regeneration based on zinc-modified hydroxyapatite

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Membrane lipids are both the substrates and a mechanistically responsive environment of TMEM16 scramblase proteins

Recent discoveries about functional mechanisms of proteins in the TMEM16 family of phospholipid scramblases have illuminated the dual role of the membrane as both the substrate and a mechanistically responsive environment in the wide range of physiological processes and genetic disorders in which they are implicated. This is highlighted in the review of recent findings from our collaborative investigations of molecular mechanisms of TMEM16 scramblases that emerged from iterative functional, structural, and computational experimentation. In the context of this review, we present new MD simulations and trajectory analyses motivated by the fact that new structural information about the TMEM16 scramblases is emerging from cryo-EM determinations in lipid nanodiscs. Because the functional environment of these proteins in in vivo and in in vitro is closer to flat membranes, we studied comparatively the responses of the membrane to the TMEM16 proteins in flat membranes and nanodiscs. We find that bilayer shapes in the nanodiscs are very different from those observed in the flat membrane systems, but the function-related slanting of the membrane observed at the nhTMEM16 boundary with the protein is similar in the nanodiscs and in the flat bilayers. This changes, however, in the bilayer composed of longer-tail lipids, which is thicker near the phospholipid translocation pathway, which may reflect an enhanced tendency of the long tails to penetrate the pathway and create, as shown previously, a nonconductive environment. These findings support the correspondence between the mechanistic involvement of the lipid environment in the flat membranes, and the nanodiscs. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

一种确定均匀动脉壁面切应力的非线性方法

从Ling和Atabek提出的``局部流'理论出发，提出一种利用测量血液黏度、管轴上 的血流速度、压力和管径波形计算均匀动脉管壁切应力的非线性方法. 将这种方法与柳兆荣 等提出的利用测量血液黏度、管轴上的血流速度和平均管径计算切应力的线性方法比较，结 果表明，当管壁脉动幅度较小时，两种方法计算的压力梯度、流速剖面和管壁切应力差别较 小；而当管壁脉动幅度增大时，两种方法计算的压力梯度、流速剖面和管壁切应力差别增大. 对于小幅脉动均匀动脉，用线性方法计算管壁切应力有较高的精度；而对于大变形 均匀动脉，则需要考虑非线性因素对管壁切应力的影响. 由于作为输入量的血液黏度、轴心 血流速度、压力波形和管径波形可在活体上通过无损伤或微损伤的检测方法得到， 所提出的计算切应力的方法为在体或离体研究切应力与动脉重建的关系提供了方法学基础.     

行政合同概念之检讨与重塑

行政合同概念的界定是研究进而规范行政合同的基础。长期以来,学界关于行政合同概念的界定多有分歧,主要表现在行政合同主体的范围、行政合同法律关系的归属、行政合同主体的意思自治程度、行政合同主体的地位等方面。从行政合同的主体要素、内容要素、意思要素、目的要素、地位要素和形式要素等方面进行综合分析,可以对行政合同作如下界定,即所谓"行政合同",是指为了公共目的,行政主体与行政相对人依法设立、变更、终止行政法上权利义务关系的协议及以之为载体实施行政行为的方式。     

A convergence result in the study of bone remodeling contact problems

We consider the approximation of a bone remodeling model with the Signorini contact conditions by a contact problem with normal compliant obstacle, when the obstacle's deformability coefficient converges to zero (that is, the obstacle's stiffness tends to infinity). The variational problem is a coupled system composed of a nonlinear variational equation (in the case of normal compliance contact conditions) or a variational inequality (for the case of Signorini's contact conditions), for the mechanical displacement field, and a first-order ordinary differential equation for the bone remodeling function. A theoretical result, which states the convergence of the contact problem with normal compliance contact law to the Signorini problem, is then proved. Finally, some numerical simulations, involving examples in one and two dimensions, are reported to show this convergence behaviour.     

脉劝流条件下血管壁的应力分布

为了分析血液-血管耦合运动所产生血液脉动压力载荷对血管壁应力分布的影响,利用线性化的血液-血管耦合运动方程的Womersley解,导得血液脉动压力载荷下的血管壁Green应变,同时利用Fung的血管壁应变能密度函数,导得相应血管壁应力分布的一般表达式.数值结果表明,在脉动流条件下,当考虑血液-血管耦合运动时,血管壁中周向应力最大,轴向应力居中,径向应力最小;血管壁的残余应力将明显减小血管内壁的应力集中;脉动压力载荷将导致血管壁周向应力在一个心动周期中随时间的脉动,而且随着Womersley数α和血管轴向约束参数K～＊的增大,血管壁周向应力的脉动将明显加剧,提示在分析动脉重建时必须计及血液-血管耦合运动对血管壁应力分布的影响.     

动脉中非平稳流动壁面剪切力及其Hilbert-Huang变换

本文通过数值方法求解均匀动脉中的非平稳脉动流,给出了通过测量非平稳脉动血流量确定壁面切应力的方法.作为算例,采用实测的大鼠颈总动脉流量信号,求出了均匀动脉壁面切应力波形.进一步对求得的切应力波形进行经验模态分解(EMD),得到了切应力波形的各内在模态(IMF),以及Hilbert幅值谱.从切应力波形经Hilbert-Huang变换得到的IMF和Hilbert谱图可以明显地看出切应力各频率成分的物理意义.所得结果为进一步深入研究非平稳脉动切应力与血管重建的关系提供了一种方法学基础.     

成年女性年龄分层与颈总动脉结构重塑相关性研究

应用高频超声技术评估增龄对成年女性颈总动脉形态的影响。3886例成年女性每10岁为一个年龄层组,采用高频超声技术观察成年女性颈总动脉的管径及内-中膜的厚度。年龄分层分析显示女性自20岁起各年龄层的颈总动脉的管径和内-中膜的厚度伴随着年龄的增长而逐渐增加,50岁以后血管老化增速。年龄对女性颈总动脉内-中膜厚度的影响大于颈总动脉管径,血管管径因IMT增长而代偿性扩张的能力随着年龄的增加而呈现下降趋势,增龄可使成年女性颈总动脉发生衰老性结构重塑。     

非编码RNA调控心脏重构与再生

近年来, 越来越多的证据表明, 大量的非编码RNA(non-coding RNAs, ncRNAs)在基因的表达调控、细胞和机体的生理功能维持与病理环境调节方面都有重要作用, 其中主要包括微小RNA(microRNAs, miRNAs) 和长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNAs, lncRNAs).心脏重构与再生是心血管疾病领域的关键问题, 其调控过程非常复杂, 包括表观遗传、转录、转录后及翻译水平的调控. 大量研究发现在转录后水平, miRNAs 通过负性调节靶标的表达调控心脏发育、疾病及再生进程. 近期研究揭示, lncRNAs 在心脏发育和疾病中具有潜在的作用, 可通过表观遗传、转录及转录后水平发挥作用. lncRNAs 已成为继miRNAs 之后的又一重要的调节性非编码RNA. 就非编码RNA 在心脏重构及再生进程中的调控作用进行综述.     

前列地尔对急性心肌梗死后左室重构的影响

探讨前列地尔防治急性心肌梗死后左室重构的临床效果. 同期选取2010 年6 月-2015 年12 月于同济医院住院治疗的73 例急性心肌梗死患者, 将患者随机分为常规治疗组和前列地尔治疗组, 两组患者均采用冠心病常规治疗方法进行治疗, 包括休息、吸氧、调脂、扩冠、双联抗血小板等对症支持治疗. 前列地尔组在上述治疗基础上增加前列地尔注射液治疗, 10 μg 前列地尔注射液加入0.9% 氯化钠注射液10 mL 静脉推注, 1 次/d.连续治疗7 d. 治疗28 d 后, 常规治疗组左室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, LVDd)、左室收缩末期内径(left ventricular end-systolic dimension, LVDs)、室间隔厚度(interventricular septal thickness, IVST)、左室后壁舒张末期厚度(left ventricular posterior wall end-diastolic, LVPWd)、射血分数(ejection fraction, EF)、E峰/A峰比值较治疗3 d 后无显著改善(P >0.05); 前列地尔组在治疗28 d 后与治疗3 d 后相比, LVDd, LVDs, E 峰/A 峰比值有明显减小, EF 值明显升高(均达到P <0.05), IVST 与LVPWd 变化不明显. 前列地尔在短期内对急性心肌梗死后心功能有改善作用, 对左室重构影响不大.