西欧中世纪时期理性主义的复兴

西欧中世纪理性主义，历经唯名论与唯实论之争和理性与信仰之争和16世纪宗教改革运动，最终实现了自身意识主体的回归，为西欧近代思想意识自由发展揭开了序幕。     

On the physical interpretation of Heywood and Redhead's algebraic impossibility theorem

Heywood and Redhead's 1983 algebraic (Kochen-Specker type) impossibility proof, which establishes the inconsistency of a broad class of contextualized local realistic theories, assumes two locality conditions and two auxiliary assumptions. One of those auxiliary conditions, FUNC^*, has been called a physically unmotivated,ad hoc formal constraint.In this paper, we derive Heywood and Redhead's auxiliary conditions from physical assumptions. This allows us to analyze which classes of hidden-variables theories escape the Heywood-Redhead contradiction. By doing so, we hope to clarify the physical and philosophical ramifications of the Heywood-Redhead proof. Most current hidden-variables theories, it turns out, violate Heywood and Redhead's auxiliary conditions.1. See Redhead [1], pp. 133–136, for a complete discussion.2. Arthur Fine first pointed out the implicit reliance on FUNC^*, and proved FUNC^* to be both consistent with and independent of the Value Rule.3. LetA=_ia_i P _i andB=_jb_j P_j be spectral resolutions ofA andB. Then <A,B> is the observable associated with maximal operatorR=_ijf_ij P _iP_j, where f_ij=F(a_i,b_j), and where function F is 1:1.4. Heywood and Redhead's versions of these conditions employ equivalence-class notation to specify the ontological context. {<D,E>}={R} refers to the equivalence class of all possible <D,E> formed by using different F functions (cf. Footnote 3). Clearly, such notation assumes that ifR andR are two distinct commuting maximal operators formed as described in Fn. 3 fromD andE using two different F(d_i,e_j) functions, then [Q]^t _(R)(R)=[Q]^t _(R)(R), so that [Q]^t _{R}(R) is uniquely defined.Heywood and Redhead never rely upon this assumption in their proof, however. It is easily checked that a Heywood-Redhead contradiction follows from my non-equivalence class versions of OLOC, ELOC, VR, and FUNC^*. Therefore, I will not use equivalence class notation.5. Here I denote by µ_R the composite state of all the apparatuses needed to measure R. So µ_R may represent the state of more than one device.6 This is because in a hidden-variables framework, quantum mechanical probabilities are a weighted average of the underlying hidden-variables probabilities.7. This argument resembles a proof given by Fine [8].8. Recall from theorem 1 that ifQ=f(R), then for all quantum states , P_(t)(Qf(r), R=r)=0.     

Nonlocality as a feature of the physical world

Aprediction puzzle leads to a form ofnecessary realism which forces the rejection of a central tenet of the Copenhagen interpretation. This leads to reconsidering conceptual difficulties related to Bell's locality premise. It is shown that aparadox of elementary probability theory puts new light on Bell's assumption that causality and statistical independence are mutually incompatible. Nemo dat quod non habet : No one can offer more than he has ability to give; in that spirit, this paper is dedicated to the memory of J.S. Bell.     

量子宇宙学的发展及影响

半个世纪以来，人们普遍接受了建立在广义相对论基础上的大爆炸学说，后来又确立了大爆炸早期的暴涨阶段，对于在这个标准模型中存在的疑难，人们试图从宇宙的创生期，应运量子理论来找出答案，文章尝试着从这个探索过程中，理清量子宇宙学的形成、内涵及影响，并期望能为以后的研究理清一个思路。     

对人性现实主义的解读

对人性的正确把握是顺利进行制度设计的前提条件之一，通过对先贤们的人性观的梳理和评述，文章认为人性是人自为的结果，是现实、具体和可变的，是善与恶的混合体，故制度设计应防恶、扬善。     

现实主义诗歌的个人化表达——李皓诗歌论

通过对李皓诗歌的文本细读,阐述了李皓作为现实主义诗人,他的诗歌关注乡土与都市的现实世界,感时忧国,多角度、多侧面地书写生活,同时又拥有纯正的个人情怀的表达,对自我的言说、独特的情感体验和生活阅历建构了属于诗人自己的时间与空间之维。     

对《兄弟》的三种批评模式的批评

分析了《兄弟》的批评文章，主要有传统现实主义、文化批评和运用西方理论等三种批评模式在起作用。评价了三者的得失，认为《兄弟》运用超现实的手法，借鉴拉伯雷的怪诞现实主义形式，表达了对文革和改革两个动荡、巨变的时代精神之荒诞性的体认，是一部勇于“写当下”的探索之作。     

论妇女与小说

妇女与小说有密切的联系,女性主义文学批评关注的主要形式是小说.女性小说更强调女性存在的本真性与群体性,女性小说读者则更多地将作品与个体的存在相联结.这样一些特点为研究文学中的性别问题,以及建构人们平等的性别观念提供了有益的启示.     

十九世纪欧洲现实主义文学的丰碑 --《人间喜剧》对现实主义创作方法的发展与完善

<人间喜剧>是19世纪欧洲文学的一座丰碑,著作者巴尔扎克是19世纪欧洲最伟大的现实主义作家.他在文学史上的最大贡献是丰富和发展了现实主义的创作方法.他把文学创作提到社会研究的高度,用小说全面深刻形象地反映社会现实生活;他以极大的独创性,塑造了一大批典型环境中的典型人物;他重视经济细节的真实性,别出心裁地从经济角度反映社会变革和人际关系.     

也是现实主义文学——浅析外国人士反映中国抗战的报告文学的写实主义特征

外国人士反映中国抗战的报告文学在艺术上具有新闻性和写实性的特点,体现了强烈的现实主义精神,是一种融批判、战斗、革命于一体的现实主义文学,在世界反法西斯文学中独树一帜。