Fractionation of HDPE on quench cooling

In a previous paper we discussed co-crystallization in a LDPE/HDPE blend using TREF and DSC. As part of that study it was observed that pure HDPE showed an unexpected fractionation behavior when quench crystallized in TREF. The overall peak broadened and two peaks appeared instead of the previously observed single peak for slow cooled HDPE.The development of two peaks was observed for all commercial HDPEs investigated, independent of their melting indices and densities. TREF and GPC were used in an attempt to evaluate the origin of the two HDPE components.The authors appreciate support from CAPES-BRAZIL (C.A.F.). Additional thanks go to Dr. G. W. Knight in Dow Chemical Company for kindly providing the polymer samples and performing the GPC analysis.     

汽缸在线激光淬火涂料喷涂机的设计与实现

研究了一种制备激光淬火吸光涂层的新方法,重点叙述了喷头和送料系统的设计原理,利用离心原理设计的喷头和涂料同步送给系统实现了水基混合物吸光涂料的自动涂敷,解决了涂料堵塞和沉淀的问题．该机成功应用于在线生产,吸光涂层均匀一致,厚度可控,满足激光淬火的要求,实现了吸光涂层制备机床化．     

铝合金大厚板淬火残余应力数值分析

基于淬火会引起铝合金大厚板很大的残余应力,并容易引起淬火变形与裂纹,恶化材料的性能,运用有限元分析软件ANSYS研究了铝合金板材尺寸、淬火介质温度对温度场、应力场和残余应力的影响.基于随温度变化的材料物性参数以及材料表面与淬火介质的换热系数,进行了淬火过程的非线性热传导分析.结果表明,随着板材厚度的增加,铝合金薄板的残余应力增加明显,而铝合金厚板的残余应力未产生太大变化;随着淬火介质温度的升高,厚板的残余应力也无明显降低;对于铝合金厚板,通过优化合金成分等措施来提高合金淬透性,才能有效降低残余内应力,并保证合金的力学性能.     

A Rapid Freeze‐Quench Setup for Multi‐Frequency EPR Spectroscopy of Enzymatic Reactions

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in combination with the rapid freeze‐quench (RFQ) technique is a well‐established method to trap and characterize intermediates in chemical or enzymatic reactions at the millisecond or even shorter time scales. The method is particularly powerful for mechanistic studies of enzymatic reactions when combined with high‐frequency EPR (ν≥90 GHz), which permits the identification of substrate or protein radical intermediates by their electronic g values. In this work, we describe a new custom‐designed micro‐mix rapid freeze‐quench apparatus, for which reagent volumes for biological samples as small as 20 μL are required. The apparatus was implemented with homemade sample collectors appropriate for 9, 34, and 94 GHz EPR capillaries (4, 2, and 0.87 mm outer diameter, respectively) and the performance was evaluated. We demonstrate the application potential of the RFQ apparatus by following the enzymatic reaction of PpoA, a fungal dioxygenase producing hydro(pero)xylated fatty acids. The larger spectral resolution at 94 GHz allows the discernment of structural changes in the EPR spectra, which are not detectable in the same samples at the standard 9 GHz frequency.     

Fluorescence decay and quenching of pyrene labeled on sulfonate polyelectrolytes in salt-free aqueous solutions

Fluorescence decay and quenching of pyrene labels on copolymers of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid (AMPS) and N,N-dimethylacrylamide were observed in dilute salt-free aqueous solutions as a function of the mole fraction F_AMPS of AMPS from 0 to 0.896. Monoexponential decay was found for the samples of F_AMPS<0.35 and biexponential decay for the samples of F_AMPS>0.35. The fast decay component is 80%, and the averaged lifetime 〈τ〉 and lifetime τ₁ of the fast decay is decreased with increasing F_AMPS. Quenching efficiency of Cu²⁺, I⁻, CH₃NO₂, and dinitrobenzene to the pyrene label was investigated in the framework of Stern-Volmer plot. With increasing F_AMPS the quenching efficiency of Cu²⁺ is increased while that of I⁻ decreased. For the neutral quenchers, the quenching rate constant k_q increases when F_AMPS<0.449 then decreases, showing a decline of accessibility to the pyrene label. These results were interpreted consistently with the counterion condensation concept, where condensed counterions caused the polyelectrolyte chains to aggregate. The existence of less-polar “temporal aggregated domain” in highly charged polyelectrolytes appears to lead to the slower decay and lower accessibility of the pyrene labels.     

卷筒小行星齿轮断裂失效分析

卷筒小行星齿轮在运转中发生异常断齿。为了查明断裂原因,运用宏观及微观分析方法,对断裂齿轮进行了分析。结果表明:齿轮断裂为多源疲劳断裂,且多数未断齿根部位亦发现裂纹;齿轮基材存在贝氏体及铁素体组织,说明淬火时冷却速度不足;表面淬火也不均匀。这些工艺问题导致齿轮综合机械性能下降。在循环工作应力及应力集中作用下,齿根部位产生多处疲劳裂纹源,并不断扩展,最终导致齿轮断裂失效。     

激光热处理新技术的应用与工艺研究

文章在论述激光热处理原理的基础上 ,主要讨论与分析激光工业加工设备研制、金属表面硬化工艺以及几种金属材料淬火试验结果和推广激光工业加工应用亟待解决的问题。采用大功率二氧化碳激光实现对特种零件加工 ,应用于常规淬火手段难以解决的工作 ,生产质量稳定可靠 ,避免零件报损报废。文章着重研究了具体工艺试制方法和参数 ,以充分发挥设备设计生产能力。     

MRI、NMR低温超导磁体失超保护综述

用超导磁体制造NMR、MRI等核磁共振设备越来越普遍,超导磁体的失超保护在磁体设计中是一个很关键的问题．本文从失超保护方式,保护电路设计、加速失超方法等三个方面总结了如何为一个超导磁体尤其是核磁共振用超导磁体设计失超保护方案,指出了一些常见的问题的解决办法,最后还介绍并比较了一些常用失超模拟软件,以期为相关科研人员提供有价值的参考．     

低温／高温复合超导体的热稳定性的数值模拟研究

本文提出了一种高温超导体与低温超导体直接复合成混杂结构的复合超导体的导体模型.针对NbTi/Bi2223复合超导体的热稳定性进行了初步的理论模拟研究,结果表明低温/高温复合超导体的最小失超能远大于低温超导体,失超传播速度介于纯低温超导体和高温超导体之间,对于超导磁体的热稳定和保护具有重要参考价值.