废旧锂离子电池正极材料资源化回收与再生

随着电子设备的普及和电动汽车行业的迅速崛起,作为提供能量来源的锂离子电池发挥着重要的作用。以钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂以及三元正极材料为代表的锂离子电池产销量不断增加;与此同时,为了提供更长的续航时间以及续航稳定性,新型锂离子电池材料的研究工作也在不断推进。在此背景下,锂离子电池正极材料的失效、废弃以及资源化回收再生的过程就显得愈发重要,如何在下游解决报废锂离子电池处理的问题也逐渐提上日程。基于此,本文分别从湿法和火法再生两个角度对废旧锂离子电池正极材料的回收和再生过程进行了介绍,包括回收条件优化的方法、较为新颖的回收再生方法以及再生材料的性能等,并总结了回收再生过程的杂质元素,包括铝、铜等元素对再生材料结构和性能的影响以及工业上常用的回收废旧锂离子电池的方法和环境影响。最后对锂离子电池回收的方法进行总结并进行展望。     

New pyrometallurgical process of EAF dust treatment with CaO addition

The non-carbothermic zinc pyrometallurgical processing of electric arc furnace (EAF) dust was investigated on a laboratory scale. The main objective of this process was to convert highly stable zinc ferrite (ZnFe₂O₄), which accounts for more than half of total zinc in the EAF dust, into ZnO and Ca₂Fe₂O₅ by CaO addition. The EAF dust was mixed with CaO powder in various ratios, pressed into pellets, and heated in a muffle furnace in air at temperatures ranging from 700 to 1100℃ for a predetermined holding time. All ZnFe₂O₄ was transformed into ZnO and Ca₂Fe₂O₅ at a minimum temperature of 900℃ within 1 h when sufficient CaO to achieve a Ca/Fe molar ratio of 1.1 was added. However, at higher temperatures, excess CaO beyond the stoichiometric ratio was required because it was consumed by reactions leading to the formation of compounds other than ZnFe₂O₄. The evaporation of halides and heavy metals in the EAF dust was also studied. These components could be preferentially volatilized into the gas phase at 1100℃ when CaO was added.     

Anwendung der Radiotracertechnik zur Untersuchung der Verteilung von Spurenelementen bei der Kupferverhüttung

Es wird über die Anwendung der Radiotracertechnik bei der Untersuchung zum Verteilungsverhalten von Arsen und Tellur zwischen den einzelnen Produkten beim Konverter- und Raffinationsprozeß berichtet.

Die einzelnen Arbeitsstufen wie Markierung, Probennahme und Meßlechnik werden näher erläutert, die Meßergebnisse dargelegt und eine Einschätzung dieses Verfahrens für derartige Untersuchungen gegeben.     

废旧动力锂电池回收利用技术的进展

简要介绍了动力锂电池的分类和回收利用流程,综述了国内外动力锂电池的化学、物理和联合回收工艺发展的现状,通过对比了各种回收工艺的特点,指出联合回收工艺是将来发展方向。     

Neuere Ergebnisse bei der Anwendung nuklearer Verfahren in der Schwarzmetallurgie

Der Beitrag behandelt die Bestimmung der beim Sauerstoffaufblasverfahren entstehenden Oxide im Stahl, einige neuere Anwendungen der aktivierungsanalytischen Sauerstoffbestimmung und die Bestimmungsmöglichkeiten einiger seltener Erden in Eisenlegierungen.     

Distribution behavior of phosphorus in the coal-based reduction of high-phosphorus-content oolitic iron ore

This study focuses on the reduction of phosphorus from high-phosphorus-content oolitic iron ore via coal-based reduction. The distribution behavior of phosphorus (i.e., the phosphorus content and the phosphorus distribution ratio in the metal, slag, and gas phases) during reduction was investigated in detail. Experimental results showed that the distribution behavior of phosphorus was strongly influenced by the reduction temperature, the reduction time, and the C/O molar ratio. A higher temperature and a longer reaction time were more favorable for phosphorus reduction and enrichment in the metal phase. An increase in the C/O ratio improved phosphorus reduction but also hindered the mass transfer of the reduced phosphorus when the C/O ratio exceeded 2.0. According to scanning electron microscopy analysis, the iron ore was transformed from an integral structure to metal and slag fractions during the reduction process. Apatite in the ore was reduced to P, and the reduced P was mainly enriched in the metal phase. These results suggest that the proposed method may enable utilization of high-phosphorus-content oolitic iron ore resources.     

Einfaches Gerätesystem zur Anwendung der Radionuklid-Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse in der NE-Metallurgie

Aufbauend auf handlesüblichen, serienmäßig produzierten Geräteeinheiten wurde ein einfaches Gerätesystem geschaffen, das eine schnelle und einfache diskontinuierliche Analyse einzelner Elemente ermöglicht.

Dieses Gerätesystem wird an Hand einiger Anwendungsbeispiele aus der NE-Metallurgie (Bergbau, Aufbereitung und Verhültung) vorgestellt und spezifische Details, wie Meßfehler, Meßbereiche und Anwendungsgrenzen, erläutert.     

Combined use of thermal and surface analyses

In order to attempt the location of the iron ore sources exploited at Tharros (Sardinia) during the Phoenician-Punic period and to elucidate some chemical aspects of the iron ore smelting process, the iron ore outcrops of Monte Ferru located near to this archaeological site, have been first sampled and then, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetry (TG) have been used for simulating and studying the iron ore smelting process under a carbon monoxide atmosphere. Furthermore, in order to obtain a qualitative identification of minerals present in the iron bearing rocks and for obtaining some thermochemical data, the smelting process has been carried out also under air and Ar-5% H₂ atmospheres. The microchemical aspects involved during the smelting process of the iron ore to crude iron, the formation and the chemistry of new no metallic phases that results from the smelting, i.e. the slags, and the final product of the pyrometallurgical process have been identifiedvia small area X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (SA-XPS), X-ray induced Auger electron spectroscopy (XAES) and scanning electron microscopy + energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM + EDS). These results are compared with those obtained from the characterisation of the smelting slags found during the excavation of the archaeological site of Tharros and a relationship is found.This work has been financially supported by the Progetto Strategico of the Consiglio Nazionale deue Ricerche Scienza e Teenologia per la Conoscenza e la Conservazione dei Beni Culturali. The authors are indebted to E. Aequaro (CNR-ICFP) for helpful discussions and for providing the smelting slags from Tharros. The authors also thank the Servizio ESCA of the Area della Rieerea di Roma where the SA-XPS and XAES measurements were carried out by the authors.     

火法富集低品位氧化铅锌矿炉渣组分选择

本文在分析火法富集低品位含锗氧化铅锌矿炉渣性质的基础上,确定了富集过程中合理的炉渣组成范围;提出了调整配料比例,补加少量石灰,以改善炉渣性质,提高生产过程中的技术经济效益。     

Radiotracer Investigations of the Shaft Processes in Polish Zine and Lead Metallurgy Part. I. Investigation of Charge Materials Movement

The principal phenomena and processes occurring in the ISP furnace as well as the radiotracer methods for the investigation of charge flow dynamics have been discussed. The ⁶⁵Zn radioisotope was applied for investigations of the batch movement dynamics. The tracer was obtained on the way of direct neutron activation of the zincflead sinter in the nuclear reactor. The activity distribution measurements were performed by taking-out the samples. Three series of experiments were carried out in order to examine the batch material movement and its dependence on the furnace charging manner. The influence of the process parameters on the batch movement has also been discussed. The shortest descent time of the charge material is strongly favoured by the joint system of charging the furnace (i.e. coke and sinter together).