马铃薯脱毒种薯生产二级体系的理论与实践

对目前西南地区脱毒马铃薯种薯生产四级体系进行分析，总结存在的问题，对南方马铃薯研究中心近几研究成功的二级体系作了概述性的介绍，对操作技术要点系统的进行说明，描述和展望了该体系巨大的经济前景和社会效益，得出“马铃薯种苗二级体系替代四级体系是21世纪马铃薯产业发展重要趋势”的初步结论。     

Performance of various activators in ethylene polymerization based on an iron(II) catalyst system

Ethylisobutylaluminoxane (EBAO) and its analogues were synthesized by a reaction between an triethylaluminum (Et₃Al)/triisobutylaluminum (i‐Bu₃Al) mixture and 4‐fluorobenzeneboronic acid, phenylboronic acid, or n‐butaneboronic acid and subsequent hydrolysis with water. They were used as cocatalysts in ethylene polymerization catalyzed by an iron complex {[(ArN?C(Me))₂C₅H₃N]FeCl₂, where Ar is 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl}. Polyethylene with a high molecular weight and a narrow molecular weight distribution was prepared with modified EBAOs, and the performance of the iron complex at high polymerization temperatures was greatly improved. The activators for the iron complex also affected the polymerization activity and the molecular weight of the resultant polyethylene. It was suggested that the stereo and electronic effects of the substitute groups of aluminoxane contributed to the improved performance of the new activators. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 1093–1099, 2004     

DNA聚合酶链反应鉴测梨树火疫病

对细菌Ｅ．ａｍｙｌｏｖｏｒａ，Ｅ．ｈｅｒｂｉｃｏｌａ和Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｓｙｒｉｎｇａｅ的ＤＮＡ提纯，并通过聚合酶链反应，发现引物Ｂ＿５等可用以有效地鉴别Ｅ．ａｍｙｌｏｖｏｒａ．对Ｅ．ａｍｙｌｏｖｏｒａ细胞培养液直接稀释，加清洁剂处理后进行聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）．据引物Ｂ＿５测定，得到清晰而强烈的相同的ＤＮＡ分子电泳光带，可有效反应测定５００个细菌细胞；用引物Ｂ＿５和Ｂ＿６进一步测定细菌Ｅ．ａｍｙｌｏｖｏｒａ。Ｅ．ｈｅｒｂｉｃｏｌａ和Ｐ．ｓｙｒｉｎｇａｅ，从Ｅ．ｈｅｒｂｉｃｏｄａ反应获得一个电泳光谱，从Ｐ．ｓｙｒｉｎｇａｅ获得３个泳谱；用引物Ｂ＿５和Ｂ＿７与细菌Ｅ．ａｍｙｌｏｖｏｒａ和Ｐ．ｓｙｒｉｎｇａｅ反应，从Ｅ．Ｅ．ａｍｙｌｏｖｏｒａ得到两条相同光带，从Ｐ．ｓｙｒｉｎｇａｅ反应获得了相似的带谱分布。     

湿地松对松针褐斑病的抗性测定

从松针褐斑病（Ｌｅｃａｎｏｓｔｉｃｔａ ａｃｉｃｏｌａ）重病林分中选出３６个湿地松（Ｐｉｎｕｓ ｅｌｌｉｏｔｔｉｉ）抗病表现型优树无性系，用人工喷洒病菌孢子液接种法对其进行抗病测定，结果表明，有２２个是高度抗病的。与用松针褐斑病产生的毒素粗提液处理上述无性系的离体针叶进行抗病性测定的结果基本一致，相关系数为０．８０。     

甘薯珠心细胞衰退过程的超微结构研究

阐述了甘薯珠心细胞衰退过程中的超微结构变化。发育成熟的珠心细胞，随着胚囊的发育和扩展以不同的方式衰退。在细胞质原位自溶方式，细胞质中的核糖核蛋白体密度迅速下降；细胞中可见许多被溶解的细胞组分的碎片；细胞核的染色质团块逐渐减少，核膜消失。最后在细胞中仅剩下细胞核和淀粉粒残体。在内质网对细胞质的吞噬和分隔方式中，同心环状和平行叠置的粗糙内质网大量增生，同时槽库膨大，并对细胞质组分进行分隔和吞噬；内质网膜膨大、断裂、分解，核糖体仍然存在，原生质体对电子染料的亲和性增强；接着质膜、液泡膜消失，原生质变为电子致密的物质。     

A Study on Alkyl Polyglycosides of the Starch

The alkyl polyglycosides (APG) is new type the surfactants that is made by regenerationresource of the starch and the grease, since the nineties of 20th century it is energetically exploited ininternational extent. APG not only good in surface activity, but also plenty on bubble, thin greasyand stabilization, there are good decontamination, compatibility, innocuity, not incitation and uniquefunction that organism decomposition of swiftness and downrightness, and so on.APG is to get production that loses one molecule water with half condensation aldehyde hydroxyand sebum alcohol hydroxy under acid catalysis. The production not is one simplicity compound, butis one of sugar polymerization degree, so it is mixture of the alkyl single glucoside, the alkyl twoglucoside and the alkyl three glucoside.Author synthesizes the surfactants of the alkyl polyglycosides, with the oleaster and potato starchand sebum alcohol, that was chosen to use duality system activator of plant acid and p-toluene-sulfoacid for the first time. The adoption way is that the lower alkyl polyglycosides is firstly formed byreaction of lower alcohol with starch then exchanged with high alcohol to obtain APG. The study isto make certain most technics condition, determining capillary tension and the pastern sheafdeepness of critical, calculating HLB value, determining construction by 1R.To synthesize principium:Peroration :[1]Duality system activator of plant acid and p-toluene-sulfo acid is compare idea activator that was the lower alkyl polyglycosides is firstly formed by reaction of lower alcohol with glucose then exchanged with high alcohol to obtain high alkyl polyglycosides. The advantage is that it overcomes agglomeration, there is reaction entirety, high of sugar transform ratio, reaction time short.[2]Most good reaction temperature is 90～ 170℃, the dosage of activator is 0.5%～0.9%, the mated ratio: The APG of glucose basic butane ratio starch is 5:1, the APG of potato starch basic glycol ratio starch is 6:1, the APG of the oleaster starch basic glycol ratio starch is 12:1, the APG of the mealiest starch basic glycol ratio starch is 6:1, the product of complex is good property.[3]The alkyl polyglycosides is the products of surfactant. IR determines the functional group of the products. On the basis of group of the hydrophile and to close on oil, that the feature peak of α-1, 4- glucoside.[4]The capillary tension of the APG is 26.8～31.0mN/m, the HLB value is 16～18, the products is better emulsifying agent of water- solubility. (O/W).     

Graft copolymerization of methyl acrylate onto potato starch initiated by ceric ammonium nitrate

A study was made of the ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) initiated graft copolymerization of methyl acrylate (MA) onto potato starch. The variables affecting the graft were investigated. The optimums have been obtained; they are the concentrations of MA, CAN, and nitric acid (HNO₃) (1.08, 5.0 × 10^?3, and 0.081 mol/L, respectively). The reaction temperature is ca. 50°C and the reaction time is 2 h. The molecular weight of grafted poly(methylacrylate) has been determined. On the basis of experimental results, the mechanism of grafting has been explored, a new kinetic equation of the graft copolymerization is established: R_p = Kk_d [STOH] [Ce⁴⁺] + Kk_pk_d/k_t[STOH][M], where K, k_d, k_p, and k_t are constants. The equation fits the results of experiments. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Selenium speciation in foods: Preliminary results on potatoes

The present paper deals with the speciation of selenium in potatoes (enriched or not in selenium). The study was carried out by using differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry (DPCSV) for quantifying selenium. Results obtained provide evidence that the selenium content in the protein fraction is rather independent from the selenium added to the plants during their growth. On the contrary, the amount of Se in the non-protein fraction (water and starch) in Se-enriched sample is significantly higher than in non-enriched one, suggesting that it is the main selenium-storing site. In this fraction the Se(VI)/Se(IV) ratio seems independent from selenium application but it may be related to the redox conditions. The accumulation of selenium in the non-protein fraction is tentatively ascribed to the “Se–starch interaction” that should be able to modulate both the Se absorption into proteins and, possibly, its toxic effect for the plant itself.     

嵩山夷平面研究

夷平面研究作为一个永远年轻的课题,在经过1890～1910年和1950～1970年两次研究高潮以后,目前再度成为国内外地学界研究的热点,正在酝酿着第三次研究高潮.本文在形态分析、构造分析和相关沉积分析的基础上,确定了嵩山山顶古平坦面是早第三纪晚期形成的夷平面,它可与华北以及全球陆地同期的地形面进行对比.     

紫色甘薯多糖对荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤活性的影响

以荷瘤S180小鼠为实验对象, 研究了紫色甘薯多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的体内抑制、免疫器官的影响. 结果表明: 紫色甘薯多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤率可达40%左右(P<0 01); 低剂量的紫色甘薯多糖与5 氟尿嘧啶(5 FU)配伍使用, 能提高荷瘤小鼠抑瘤率, 对5 FU所致的荷瘤小鼠胸腺、脾脏质量萎缩有明显的保护作用, 对白细胞的减少有一定的拮抗作用.