马铃薯脱毒种薯生产二级体系的理论与实践

对目前西南地区脱毒马铃薯种薯生产四级体系进行分析，总结存在的问题，对南方马铃薯研究中心近几研究成功的二级体系作了概述性的介绍，对操作技术要点系统的进行说明，描述和展望了该体系巨大的经济前景和社会效益，得出“马铃薯种苗二级体系替代四级体系是21世纪马铃薯产业发展重要趋势”的初步结论。     

甘薯珠心细胞衰退过程的超微结构研究

阐述了甘薯珠心细胞衰退过程中的超微结构变化。发育成熟的珠心细胞，随着胚囊的发育和扩展以不同的方式衰退。在细胞质原位自溶方式，细胞质中的核糖核蛋白体密度迅速下降；细胞中可见许多被溶解的细胞组分的碎片；细胞核的染色质团块逐渐减少，核膜消失。最后在细胞中仅剩下细胞核和淀粉粒残体。在内质网对细胞质的吞噬和分隔方式中，同心环状和平行叠置的粗糙内质网大量增生，同时槽库膨大，并对细胞质组分进行分隔和吞噬；内质网膜膨大、断裂、分解，核糖体仍然存在，原生质体对电子染料的亲和性增强；接着质膜、液泡膜消失，原生质变为电子致密的物质。     

A Study on Alkyl Polyglycosides of the Starch

The alkyl polyglycosides (APG) is new type the surfactants that is made by regenerationresource of the starch and the grease, since the nineties of 20th century it is energetically exploited ininternational extent. APG not only good in surface activity, but also plenty on bubble, thin greasyand stabilization, there are good decontamination, compatibility, innocuity, not incitation and uniquefunction that organism decomposition of swiftness and downrightness, and so on.APG is to get production that loses one molecule water with half condensation aldehyde hydroxyand sebum alcohol hydroxy under acid catalysis. The production not is one simplicity compound, butis one of sugar polymerization degree, so it is mixture of the alkyl single glucoside, the alkyl twoglucoside and the alkyl three glucoside.Author synthesizes the surfactants of the alkyl polyglycosides, with the oleaster and potato starchand sebum alcohol, that was chosen to use duality system activator of plant acid and p-toluene-sulfoacid for the first time. The adoption way is that the lower alkyl polyglycosides is firstly formed byreaction of lower alcohol with starch then exchanged with high alcohol to obtain APG. The study isto make certain most technics condition, determining capillary tension and the pastern sheafdeepness of critical, calculating HLB value, determining construction by 1R.To synthesize principium:Peroration :[1]Duality system activator of plant acid and p-toluene-sulfo acid is compare idea activator that was the lower alkyl polyglycosides is firstly formed by reaction of lower alcohol with glucose then exchanged with high alcohol to obtain high alkyl polyglycosides. The advantage is that it overcomes agglomeration, there is reaction entirety, high of sugar transform ratio, reaction time short.[2]Most good reaction temperature is 90～ 170℃, the dosage of activator is 0.5%～0.9%, the mated ratio: The APG of glucose basic butane ratio starch is 5:1, the APG of potato starch basic glycol ratio starch is 6:1, the APG of the oleaster starch basic glycol ratio starch is 12:1, the APG of the mealiest starch basic glycol ratio starch is 6:1, the product of complex is good property.[3]The alkyl polyglycosides is the products of surfactant. IR determines the functional group of the products. On the basis of group of the hydrophile and to close on oil, that the feature peak of α-1, 4- glucoside.[4]The capillary tension of the APG is 26.8～31.0mN/m, the HLB value is 16～18, the products is better emulsifying agent of water- solubility. (O/W).     

Graft copolymerization of methyl acrylate onto potato starch initiated by ceric ammonium nitrate

A study was made of the ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) initiated graft copolymerization of methyl acrylate (MA) onto potato starch. The variables affecting the graft were investigated. The optimums have been obtained; they are the concentrations of MA, CAN, and nitric acid (HNO₃) (1.08, 5.0 × 10^?3, and 0.081 mol/L, respectively). The reaction temperature is ca. 50°C and the reaction time is 2 h. The molecular weight of grafted poly(methylacrylate) has been determined. On the basis of experimental results, the mechanism of grafting has been explored, a new kinetic equation of the graft copolymerization is established: R_p = Kk_d [STOH] [Ce⁴⁺] + Kk_pk_d/k_t[STOH][M], where K, k_d, k_p, and k_t are constants. The equation fits the results of experiments. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Selenium speciation in foods: Preliminary results on potatoes

The present paper deals with the speciation of selenium in potatoes (enriched or not in selenium). The study was carried out by using differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry (DPCSV) for quantifying selenium. Results obtained provide evidence that the selenium content in the protein fraction is rather independent from the selenium added to the plants during their growth. On the contrary, the amount of Se in the non-protein fraction (water and starch) in Se-enriched sample is significantly higher than in non-enriched one, suggesting that it is the main selenium-storing site. In this fraction the Se(VI)/Se(IV) ratio seems independent from selenium application but it may be related to the redox conditions. The accumulation of selenium in the non-protein fraction is tentatively ascribed to the “Se–starch interaction” that should be able to modulate both the Se absorption into proteins and, possibly, its toxic effect for the plant itself.     

紫色甘薯多糖对荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤活性的影响

以荷瘤S180小鼠为实验对象, 研究了紫色甘薯多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的体内抑制、免疫器官的影响. 结果表明: 紫色甘薯多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤率可达40%左右(P<0 01); 低剂量的紫色甘薯多糖与5 氟尿嘧啶(5 FU)配伍使用, 能提高荷瘤小鼠抑瘤率, 对5 FU所致的荷瘤小鼠胸腺、脾脏质量萎缩有明显的保护作用, 对白细胞的减少有一定的拮抗作用.     

马铃薯磷酸单酯淀粉酯化条件分析

通过对磷酸单酯淀粉酯化条件的研究和分析,探讨了不同酯化条件对马铃薯淀粉磷酸单酯粒径和糊化温度的影响.试验结果表明,与原淀粉相比马铃薯磷酸单酯粒径增大,淀粉颗粒无明显变化,糊化温度降低;影响酯化的因素大小顺序为:酯化剂用量>pH>酯化温度>酯化时间;最佳酯化条件为:酯化剂用量25%,pH8.5,温度140℃,时间1h.     

马铃薯淀粉的综合开发利用

论述了马铃薯及马铃薯淀粉的生产概况、马铃薯淀粉的特性及在食品中的应用状况,并简要概述了马铃薯变性淀粉的特性.讨论了我国马铃薯淀粉行业的发展前景.     

麦芽——异麦芽低聚糖制备工艺的优化研究

本文应用生物降解技术，探讨了以马铃薯淀粉和α－淀粉酶为原料制备麦芽——异麦芽低聚糖的工艺，用正交试验和统计分析，确定了一组优化实验条件。     

中国流行的马铃薯纺锤块茎类病毒（PSTVd）株系鉴定及其对产量的影响

从河北、内蒙古、山西、黑龙江、福建等省区采集虎头、克疫、紫花白、同薯８号、克新１号、克新４号和克新６号、燕子以及米拉等不同栽培品种感染ＰＳＴＶｄ的马铃薯样品中，制备ＰＳＴＶｄ粗提取物，以加拿大ＰＳＴＶｄ强毒株系（Ｓ－ＰＳＴＶｄ）和弱毒株系（Ｍ－ＰＳＴＶｄ）作对照，采用往返式聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（Ｒ－ＰＡＧＥ）进行株系鉴定．结果表明，感染中国不同马铃薯品种ＰＳＴＶｄ的电泳迁移率均与加拿大Ｍ－ＰＳＴＶｄ的迁移率相同．初步表明侵染中国马铃薯的ＰＳＴＶｄ主要是Ｍ－ＰＳＴＶｄ．用ＰＳＴＶｄ虎头分离物，采用针刺块茎幼芽和叶片摩擦接种方法，分别接种到无ＰＳＴＶｄ的健康虎头和克皮上．检测结果表明，在初感染和续发感染植株中，ＰＳＴＶｄ浓度分布有共同的规律，从顶部叶片、中部叶片到基部叶片中ＰＳＴＶｄ浓度依次逐渐减少．ＰＳＴＶｄ接种明显抑制了植株生长，并造成较大的产量损失．由不同品种初感植株收获的块茎，均有很高的ＰＳＴＶｄ感染率．