医药洁净室的计算流体动力学模拟及实测对比

采用计算流体动力学(CFD)模拟,研究3个医药洁净室的气流流型及颗粒物浓度.采用标准k-ε双方程模型,通过模拟颗粒物在洁净室的分布,分析合理的污染物散发位置及散发比例.对比参考发尘量下的结果与实测数据的差异,根据实测数据确定污染散发量,通过试验不同的单位容积发尘量,计算对应的洁净度,得到与实测数据吻合最好的单位容积发尘量.在单位容积发尘量为1 000pc·(m3·min)-1计算条件下,各房间的模拟结果与实测数据数值比较吻合,且经CFD预测的3个房间的洁净度变化趋势与实测一致.     

浅水中污染物扩散的自适应有限元分析法

介绍浅水中污染物扩散分析中的有限元法.分析包括两个部分:1)流场速度、水面高度的计算;2)根据扩散模型计算污染物浓度场.联合使用了自适应网格技术以期提高解的精度,同时减少计算时间和计算机内存的消耗.通过几个有已知解的实例验证了有限元公式和计算机程序.最后,使用这种联合方法分析泰国Chao Phraya河附近海湾中的污染物扩散.     

儿童的铅中毒问题──Ⅱ．彩色油墨中铅的测定

用能量色散Ｘ射线荧光分析法测定了某厂生产的４４种彩色油墨纸中的铅含量．结果发现，除５种油墨外，其它３９种彩色油墨纸中的铅含量均比对照纸中高９倍以上，其中桔黄色、桔红色树脂胶版油墨高５００倍以上，棕色树脂胶版油墨高３７９倍，深黄色和柠檬黄色树脂铅印油墨分别高１７０和１１３倍．这表明，彩色油墨印刷品可能是儿童慢性铅中毒的重要污染源．     

Degradation of 4-chlorophenol in aqueous solution by γ-radiation and ozone oxidation

The application of radiation technology in the en-vironmental protection was listed as one of the mostimportant research fields by the International AtomicEnergy Agency (IAEA) for the peaceful use of nuclearenergy. It has great research value and potential appli-cation. Because of their broad-spectrum antimicrobialproperties, Cholophenols (CPs) have been used aspreservative agents for wood, paints, vegetable fibersand leather and as disinfectants. In addition, they havebeen widely employed…     

Adsorption of Pb(2+) ions on nanosized gamma-Fe(2)O(3): formation of surface ternary complexes on ligand complexation

Adsorption of Pb²⁺ ions on the combustion derived nanosized γ-Fe₂O₃ and its thiourea complex composite is reported. The adsorbents upon adsorption of Pb²⁺ ions are characterised by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis and infrared spectroscopy techniques. The eluent is characterised by atomic absorption spectroscopy for the estimation of Pb²⁺ ions. The reduction in the amount of lead after adsorption was estimated to be around 50% in case of complex composite adsorbent and around 15% in case of the γ-Fe₂O₃ adsorbents. Orthorhombic PbSO₄ precipitated out from the eluent and is reported with a model reaction. Adsorption of lead onto the complex composite is explained through the formation of a surface tertiary complex. The advantage of employing a thiourea-γ-Fe₂O₃ complex composite as solid adsorbent for the adsorption of heavy metal pollutants is envisaged in the present investigation.     

Photocatalytic effect of nature and modified V-bearing rutile

A natural rutile TiO2, which displays photocatalysis on degrading halohydrocarbon pollutants, was reported. The rutile contains up to 1.22% V2O5 (weight percent). Substitutions of Ti by V, as well as Fe, Cu and Zn, result in lattice distortions and defects. Grinding, heating and quenching modify the surface characteristics of ruffle, and consequently increase its photoactivity. It is found that the heating and quenching treatments enhance visible-light absorption of ruffle, especially at 1000 and 1100℃. Ground rutile is effective to degrade tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethylene. While, heating at 1000℃, and quenching at 1000 and 1100℃ distinctly improve degradation rate of samples. The special properties of the natural rutile have particular capabilities in photocatalytic oxidation, especially in degradation of halohydrocarbons.     

排土场淋溶水污染区地下水监测点模糊模式识别

应用模糊模式识别方法对阜新新邱露天煤矿排土场附近(于家沟),地下水污染区的水质监测点分类优选问题进行了研究,对研究区内的12眼水井分别采样,进行水质分析,识别出总硬度、硫酸盐、氯化物、溶解性总固体等主要污染因子;进而采用模糊模式识别方法,对区内的12个监测点进行了优化.计算结果表明可从于家沟地下水污染区的12个监测点中选取具有代表性的3、7、11号监测点进行监测,节省了人力、物力及资源.     

巢湖十五里河河口沉积物污染特征研究

在巢湖十五里河河口区设置18个采样点,分层采集沉积物样品66个,运用X-Ray衍射法、原子吸收法等对沉积物样本中的总氮、总磷、有机质以及重金属进行测试,并且分析了污染因子之间的相互关系。研究结果表明,沉积物中重金属的污染程度依次为Hg>Cr>Pb>Cu>Cd,具有中等潜在生态危害;沉积物中氮磷比值表明湖水处于富营养化状态,有机物来源于水生植物。     

香港公共出租车转换站内污染物演变模式识别及预测

对香港公共出租车转换站(TTI)内的污染物扩散和分布情况进行了研究.影响TTI内污染物水平的因素有出租车流、环境条件、人们的活动以及TTI的结构等.对TTI内的悬浮粒子进行了现场监测,通过分析前述因素对悬浮粒子水平的影响,提出用人工神经网络来进行研究.基于所获得的不同时间段的数据,训练了适用于此类问题的神经网络模型,对该模型的性能进行了分析和验证.文中还对TTI内空气污染物的积聚模式及演变趋势进行了模拟预测和实测对比,对比结果表明,文中提出的TTI内污染物的预测方法是可行和可靠的.     

机电行业建设项目环境影响评价中的关键问题

根据机电行业材料品种繁多,工艺装备复杂、高速运转设备多,工艺过程复杂、产污环节多的特点,详细分析了其污染物特别是多项危险废物的产生,可作为对机电行业建设项目进行环境影响评价时的重要参考。