日本大学生就业状况及其启示

目前,在经济增长趋缓的大背景下,如何促进大学生就业成为各国的难题。近年日本为应对大学生就业压力,政府、高校、用人单位等社会各方面都积极行动,显著提高了大学生的就业率。我国大学生就业情况比日本更加严峻,日本实施的一系列就业促进政策对改善我国大学生的就业状况具有一定的启示。我国需要从加强就业政策的事中事后监管、充分发挥行业协会的作用、改善高校就业指导模式、加强高职(专科)院校建设等方面入手,不断提升我国的大学生就业状况。     

中小企业在西部大开发中的地位与政策建议

本文认为中小企业是西部大开发重要的市场主体,对西部大开发起着不可替代的重要作用。由此,提出了确立中小企业的法律地位,设立中小企业管理服务机构,提供金融支持,改善财政税收政策,完善社会保障制度等促进西部中小企业发展的政策建议。     

论中部崛起进程中的江西教育发展战略

新时期,江西提出并实施了要在中部地区快速崛起的发展战略。在这一过程中,江西教育发展面临着极好的机遇,同时,也遭遇到了八个方面的挑战。于是,江西省委省政府提出了江西教育发展的总体要求。江西广大教育行政部门和教育工作者只要不断沿着中央指出的方向,落实省委省政府的部署,埋头苦干、扎实工作,就一定能为建设创新创业江西、绿色生态江西、和谐平安江西,为江西在中部地区的早日崛起提供有力的人才支持、知识基础和文化贡献,就一定能铸造出江西教育事业新的辉煌。     

Dynamic complexity of optimal paths and discount factors for strongly concave problems

We study the relationship between the dynamical complexity of optimal paths and the discount factor in general infinite-horizon discrete-time concave problems. Given a dynamic systemx _t+1=h(x _t ), defined on the state space, we find two discount factors 0 < ^{* **} < 1 having the following properties. For any fixed discount factor 0 < < ^*, the dynamic system is the solution to some concave problem. For any discount factor ^** < < 1, the dynamic system is not the solution to any strongly concave problem. We prove that the upper bound ^** is a decreasing function of the topological entropy of the dynamic system. Different upper bounds are also discussed.This research was partially supported by MURST, National Group on Nonlinear dynamics in Economics and Social Sciences. The author would like to thank two anonymous referees for helpful comments and suggestions.     

The existence of sensitive optimal policies in two multi-dimensional queueing models

Recently Dekker and Hordijk [3,4] introduced conditions for the existence of deterministic Blackwell optimal policies in denumerable Markov decision chains with unbounded rewards. These conditions include- uniform geometric recurrence.The-uniform geometric recurrence property also implies the existence of average optimal policies, a solution to the average optimality equation with explicit formula's and convergence of the value iteration algorithm for average rewards. For this reason, the verification of-uniform geometric convergence is also useful in cases where average and-discounted rewards are considered.On the other hand,-uniform geometric recurrence is a heavy condition on the Markov decision chain structure for negative dynamic programming problems. The verification of-uniform geometric recurrence for the Markov chain induced by some deterministic policy together with results by Sennott [14] yields the existence of a deterministic policy that minimizes the expected average cost for non-negative immediate cost functions.In this paper-uniform geometric recurrence will be proved for two queueing models: theK competing queues and the two centre open Jackson network with control of the service rates.The research of the author is supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research N.W.O.     

Optimal monotone hysteretic Markov policies in anM/M/1 queueing model with switching costs and finite time horizon

In anM/M/1 queueing model, a decision maker can choosem pairs of arrival- and service rates. He can change his action at any time epoch, a switch of action costs an amount depending on the size of the switch. Besides that there are continuously incurring costs. Over a finite time horizon, there exists an optimal monotone hysteretic Markov policy. This is shown essentially by the technique of time discretization.The work producing this article was done during a half year stay at the University of Leiden, The Netherlands, with Prof. Arie Hordijk. A technical report (a more detailled version of this article) was written there [6]. The opportunity for this stay was given by the University of Bonn, Germany, where the author, at that time, worked as scientific assistant of Prof. M. Schäl.     

促进中国页岩气产业发展的政策建议

 进入21世纪后,美国的页岩气取得突破,在全球范围内产生了巨大影响,使其成为世界最大的石油和天然气生产国。中国在"耽误10年"后急起直追,目前已经成为除北美外世界另一页岩气生产地区,但依然存在一些问题。本文指出目前中国发展页岩气存在的问题,如适用成套技术与装备体系不完善、矿业权管理与准入退出机制不规范、激励政策不全面、环境保护政策不规范等,并提出相应的建议。新时代高效推进供给侧结构性改革及能源生产与消费革命、促进绿色低碳发展、培育新的经济增长点,页岩气（油）将发挥重要作用,但需要全面的产业政策支持。     

Analysis for some properties of discrete time Markov decision processes

This paper investigates properties of the optimality equation and optimal policies in discrete time Markov decision processes with expected discounted total rewards under weak conditions that the model is well defined and the optimality equation is true. The optimal value function is characterized as a solution of the optimality equation and the structure of optimal policies is also given.     

Asymptotic analysis for multi-objective sequential stochastic assignment problems

ABSTRACT

We provide an asymptotic analysis of multi-objective sequential stochastic assignment problems (MOSSAP). In MOSSAP, a fixed number of tasks arrive sequentially, with an n-dimensional value vector revealed upon arrival. Each task is assigned to one of a group of known workers immediately upon arrival, with the reward given by an n-dimensional product-form vector. The objective is to maximize each component of the expected reward vector. We provide expressions for the asymptotic expected reward per task for each component of the reward vector and compare the convergence rates for three classes of Pareto optimal policies.     

Influence of Grafted Chain Length of a Phenolic Copolymer on Its Complex Formation with Poly(vinyl Pyrrolidone) and Poly(ethylene Oxide)

A phenolic copolymer has been grafted with oligomers of different chain lengths. Polymer-polymer complexation has been studied between graft copolymers and nonionic polymers, such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone) and poly(ethylene oxide), in an acetone-methanol mixture by several methods, e.g., viscosity, conductance, and apparent pH measurements. A distinct stepwise complexation between PVP and graft copolymers has been observed. The length of the side chain also seemed to influence interpolymer complex formation. Some of these observations have been interpreted with reference to the actual structure of the graft copolymers.