In vivo comprehensive multiphase NMR

Traditionally, due to different hardware requirements, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has developed as two separate fields: one dealing with solids, and one with solutions. Comprehensive multiphase (CMP) NMR combines all electronics and hardware (magic angle spinning [MAS], gradients, high power Radio Frequency (RF) handling, lock, susceptibility matching) into a universal probe that permits a comprehensive study of all phases (i.e., liquid, gel-like, semisolid, and solid), in intact samples. When applied in vivo, it provides unique insight into the wide array of bonds in a living system from the most mobile liquids (blood, fluids) through gels (muscle, tissues) to the most rigid (exoskeleton, shell). In this tutorial, the practical aspects of in vivo CMP NMR are discussed including: handling the organisms, rotor preparation, sample spinning, water suppression, editing experiments, and finishes with a brief look at the potential of other heteronuclei (²H, ¹⁵N, ¹⁹F, ³¹P) for in vivo research. The tutorial is aimed as a general resource for researchers interested in developing and applying MAS-based approaches to living organisms. Although the focus here is CMP NMR, many of the approaches can be adapted (or directly applied) using conventional high-resolution magic angle spinning, and in some cases, even standard solid-state NMR probes.     

Detection of processed genetically modified food using CIM monolithic columns for DNA isolation

The availability of sufficient quantities of DNA of adequate quality is crucial in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods for genetically modified food detection. In this work, the suitability of anion-exchange CIM (Convective Interaction Media; BIA Separations, Ljubljana, Slovenia) monolithic columns for isolation of DNA from food was studied. Maize and its derivates corn meal and thermally pretreated corn meal were chosen as model food. Two commercially available CIM disk columns were tested: DEAE (diethylaminoethyl) and QA (quaternary amine). Preliminary separations were performed with standard solution of salmon DNA at different pH values and different NaCl concentrations in mobile phase. DEAE groups and pH 8 were chosen for further isolations of DNA from a complex matrix-food extract. The quality and quantity of isolated DNA were tested on agarose gel electrophoresis, with UV-scanning spectrophotometry, and by amplification with real-time PCR. DNA isolated in this way was of suitable quality for further PCR analyses. The described method is also applicable for DNA isolation from processed foods with decreased DNA content. Furthermore, it is more effective and less time-consuming in comparison with the existing proposed methods for isolation of DNA from plant-derived foods.     

A study of the catalytic behavior of phosphotungstic acid-modified Janus particles in a heterogeneous oil/water pickering emulsion system

An emulsion interface materialization method was used to obtain amphiphilic silica Janus nanoparticles. Reducing the photosynthesis of aquatic organisms after water pollution. PW₁₂O₄₀³⁻ was introduced onto Janus particles by ion exchange, and an amphiphilic particle emulsion catalyst (PWO-J) was prepared. Hydrogen peroxide was used as the oxygen source, and the amphiphilicty of the catalyst was used to assemble the catalyst at the Pickering emulsion interface. The PWO-J catalyst was found to exhibit very high catalytic activity toward the oxidation of oleic acid in water-in-oil systems. The results showed that PWO-J catalysis of oxidation had similar results as CTAB and phosphotungstic acid (control system) under the same conditions. The azelaic acid recovery rate was 86.7%, and PWO-J could be reused 4 times. A reaction mechanism was proposed, and the constructed model was used to calculate a reaction rate constant of 15.32 × 10⁻⁵L•mol⁻¹•s⁻¹ for the PWO-J system. The PWO-J system had a lower activation energy than the control system, showing that the catalytic oxidation of oleic acid into azelaic acid was more likely to occur in the PWO-J system.     

转基因生物存在的安全性问题与管理对策研究

概述了转基因生物的历史和现状,介绍了转基因生物存在的安全性问题,并对其潜在的风险和危害进行了分析,并结合实际提出了对我国转基因生物进行科学管理的应对措施.     

Mg-LDH Nanoclays Intercalated Fennel and Green Tea Active Ingredient: Field and Laboratory Evaluation of Insecticidal Activities against Culex pipiens and Their Non-Target Organisms

(1) Background: Mosquito control with essential oils is a growing demand. This work evaluated the novel larvicidal and adulticidal activity of fennel and green tea oils and their Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) nanohybrid against Culex pipiens (Cx. pipiens) in both laboratory and field conditions and evaluated their effect against non-target organisms; (2) Methods: Two types of nanoclays, MgAl-LDH and NiAl-LDH were synthesized and characterized using PXRD, TEM and SEM, whereas their elemental analysis was accomplished by SEM-EDX; (3) Results: Mg and Ni LDHs were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. The adsorption and desorption of active ingredients were conducted using LC MS/MS, with reference to the SEM-EXD analysis. The desorption process of MgAl-LDH intercalated green tea oil was conducted using ethanol, and reveled significant peaks related to polyphenols and flavonoids like Vanillin, Catechin, Daidzein, Ellagic acid, Naringenin, Myricetin and Syringic acid with concentrations of 0.76, 0.73, 0.67, 0.59, 0.52, 0.44 and 0.42 μg/g, respectively. The larvicidal LC₅₀ values of fennel oil, Mg-LDH-F, and Ni-LDH-F were 843.88, 451.95, 550.12 ppm, respectively, whereas the corresponding values of green tea were 938.93, 530.46, and 769.94 ppm. The larval reduction percentage of fennel oil and Mg-LDH-F reached 90.1 and 96.2%, 24 h PT and their persistence reached five and seven days PT, respectively. The reduction percentage of green tea oil and Mg-LDH-GT reached 88.00 and 92.01%, 24 h PT and their persistence reached five and six days PT, respectively. Against adults, Mg-LDH-GT and Ni-LDH-GT were less effective than green tea oil as their LC₉₅ values were 5.45, 25.90, and 35.39%, respectively. The reduction in adult density PT with fennel oil, Mg-LDH-F, green tea oil, and Mg-LDH-GT reached 83.1, 100, 77.0, and 99.0%, respectively, 24 h PT and were effective for three days. Mg-LDH-GT and Mg-LDH-F increased the predation Cybister tripunctatus (71% and 69%), respectively; (4) Conclusions: For the first time, Mg-LDH-GT and Mg-LDH-F was the best system loaded with relatively good desorption release to its active ingredients and significantly affected Cx. pipiens larvae and adults in both laboratory and field circumstances, and it could be included in mosquito control.     

海洋环境中的重金属及其对海洋生物的影响

综述了在海洋环境中重金属输入的各种途径及其重金属对海洋生物的影响,重点介绍了重金属在几种海洋生物体内的富集效应及其吸附机理,讨论了海洋重金属污染的现况,并展望了海洋重金属污染研究的前景。     

海洋生物体中稀土元素的微波消解电感耦合等离子体质谱测定研究

建立了微波消解样品处理、电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定海洋生物体中稀土元素的方法.用人发标准参考物质(GBW09101)、植物标准参考物质(GBW07603)以及实际样品标准加入回收的方法对文中所述的分析流程进行确认.实验结果表明,所建立方法的测定结果与标准参考物质的标准值或推荐值一致;样品标准加入实验的回收率在97%～104%之间.方法的定量下限为0.01～0.31 ng·g-1(10σ,n=10,干样).     

船舶压载水外来生物入侵传播的防治

对世界范围内目前正在使用的或正在研究的治理船舶压载水外来生物入侵的技术手段和治理措施等进行了比较详细地阐述,提出控制船舶压载水的排放以及研究较为有效的压载水治理方法是解决压载水携带外来物种入侵性传播的有效途径.     

湄洲湾海洋生物体内痕量金属含量的研究

用湿法消化和火焰原子吸收分光光度计测定了福建湄洲湾六种海洋生物体内Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ、Ｎｉ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｏ的含量，并计算了富集系数．湄洲湾海洋生物体内痕量金属含量与国内外某些海域的相近，远低于海洋生物评价标准和人体消费卫生标准．