Global existence and time decay of the non-cutoff Boltzmann equation with hard potential

This paper is concerned with the Cauchy problem on the Boltzmann equation without angular cutoff assumption for hard potential in the whole space. When the initial data is a small perturbation of a global Maxwellian, the global existence of solution to this problem is proved in unweighted Sobolev spaces $H^N\left({\mathbb{R}}_{x,v}^6\right)$ with $N\ge 2$. But if we want to obtain the optimal temporal decay estimates, we need to add the velocity weight function, in this case the global existence and the optimal temporal decay estimate of the Boltzmann equation are all established. Meanwhile, we further gain a more accurate energy estimate, which can guarantee the validity of the assumption in Chen et al. (0000).     

Dark Energy with Phantom Crossing and the H0 Tension

We investigate the possibility of phantom crossing in the dark energy sector and the solution for the Hubble tension between early and late universe observations. We use robust combinations of different cosmological observations, namely the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), local measurement of Hubble constant (H0), Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) and SnIa for this purpose. For a combination of CMB+BAO data that is related to early universe physics, phantom crossing in the dark energy sector was confirmed at a 95% confidence level and we obtained the constraint H0=71.0−3.8+2.9 km/s/Mpc at a 68% confidence level, which is in perfect agreement with the local measurement by Riess et al. We show that constraints from different combinations of data are consistent with each other and all of them are consistent with phantom crossing in the dark energy sector. For the combination of all data considered, we obtained the constraint H0=70.25±0.78 km/s/Mpc at a 68% confidence level and the phantom crossing happening at the scale factor am=0.851−0.031+0.048 at a 68% confidence level.     

Portable single-sided NMR measurements at variable temperatures: Implementation of a thermo-controlled device and application to the heating of bread dough

A temperature control unit was implemented to vary the temperature of samples studied on a commercial Mobile Universal Surface Explorer nuclear magnetic resonance (MOUSE-NMR) apparatus. The device was miniaturized to fit the maximum MOUSE sampling depth (25 mm). It was constituted by a sample holder sandwiched between two heat exchangers placed below and above the sample. Air was chosen as the fluid to control the temperature at the bottom of the sample, at the interface between the NMR probe and the sample holder, in order to gain space. The upper surface of the sample was regulated by the circulation of water inside a second heat exchanger placed above the sample holder. The feasibility of using such a device was demonstrated first on pure water and then on several samples of bread dough with different water contents. For this, T1 relaxation times were measured at various temperatures and depths and were then compared with those acquired with a conventional compact closed-magnet spectrometer. Discussion of results was based on biochemical transformations in bread dough (starch gelatinization and gluten heat denaturation). It was demonstrated that, within a certain water level range, and because of the low magnetic field strength of the MOUSE, a linear relationship could be established between T1 relaxation times and the local temperature in the dough sample.     

Influence of Polarity and Activation Energy in Microwave–Assisted Organic Synthesis (MAOS)

The aim of this work was to determine the parameters that have decisive roles in microwave-assisted reactions and to develop a model, using computational chemistry, to predict a priori the type of reactions that can be improved under microwaves. For this purpose, a computational study was carried out on a variety of reactions, which have been reported to be improved under microwave irradiation. This comprises six types of reactions. The outcomes obtained in this study indicate that the most influential parameters are activation energy, enthalpy, and the polarity of all the species that participate. In addition to this, in most cases, slower reacting systems observe a much greater improvement under microwave irradiation. Furthermore, for these reactions, the presence of a polar component in the reaction (solvent, reagent, susceptor, etc.) is necessary for strong coupling with the electromagnetic radiation. We also quantified that an activation energy of 20–30 kcal mol⁻¹ and a polarity (μ) between 7–20 D of the species involved in the process is required to obtain significant improvements under microwave irradiation.     

3维Maxwell方程局部1维多辛格式的能量恒等式

在理想导体边界条件下,对3维Maxwell方程的局部1维多辛Preissman格式的能量守恒性质进行研究.运用能量分析法推导了2个能量恒等式,这些恒等式说明了给出的格式在所定义的离散范数下是能量守恒和无条件稳定的,数值算例验证了结论的正确性.     

Plasmon Coupling-Induced Hot Electrons for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation

We present the fabrication of core-shell-satellite Au@SiO₂-Pt nanostructures and demonstrate that LSPR excitation of the core Au nanoparticle can induce plasmon coupling effect to initiate photocatalytic hydrogen generation from decomposition of formic acid. Further studies suggest that the plasmon coupling effect induces a strong local electric field between the Au core and Pt nanoparticles on the SiO₂ shell, which enables creation of hot electrons on the non-plasmonic-active Pt nanoparticles to participate hydrogen evolution reaction on the Pt surface. In addition, small SiO₂ shell thickness is required in order to obtain a strong plamon coupling effect and achieve efficient photocatalytic activities for hydrogen generation.     

径向井排引导水力压裂裂缝扩展机理研究

为探究径向井排系统对裂缝的影响，明确水力裂缝的扩展规律，利用扩展有限元理论建立了流固耦合三维裂缝扩展模型，模拟了受径向井排引导的水力裂缝扩展过程。重点分析了3种影响因素（径向井排方位角、水平地应力差、径向井孔径）对水力裂缝的引导机理。首次提出了"引导因子"的概念，并将其作为有效评价径向井排引导效果的量化参数。研究发现，径向井方位角、水平地应力差、径向井井径会对水力裂缝的引导效果产生影响：较小的径向井方位角、水平地应力差以及较大的井径都使径向井排具有较强的引导能力和较好的引导效果，反之亦然。同时，较大井径对增加水力裂缝宽度有明显作用。最后，利用大尺寸真三轴水力压裂模拟试验证实了数值模拟结果具有一定的准确性。     

铸造工艺仿真设计前处理及过程处理应用技术

以应用ProCAST和MAGMAsoft 2款软件为例，针对铸造工艺仿真设计前处理和过程处理每个环节的主要内容与使用方法进行了较为详细地归纳、分析和总结。提出了处理过程的技术路线，并系统地介绍了每项应用内容的操作平台与使用步骤，从而为高效地应用铸造工艺仿真设计提供理论和技术支持。     

循环作用对马蹄寺石窟群岩体性能的影响

马蹄寺石窟群地处河西走廊中部,气候条件十分恶劣。由于常年受到温度、湿度、酸碱盐等作用的影响,石窟岩体性能出现了不同程度的劣化现象。通过开展室内模拟试验,研究以上多种恶劣环境的循环作用对于岩体抗压强度、波速、质量的影响规律,同时使用X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、X射线荧光光谱(X-ray fluorescence,XRF)和扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)对循环作用过程中样品的矿物组分、元素含量和微观形貌进行分析研究。研究结果表明,循环作用使样品中的长石类矿物和方解石含量降低,黏土类矿物含量增加,胶结程度下降,孔隙逐渐发展成为横向微裂隙,导致样品的性能出现不同程度的劣化现象。循环作用对岩体性能的影响程度从大到小依次为冻融循环、耐盐循环、耐碱循环、耐酸循环和温湿循环。