澄碧河水库漫坝风险分析

应用风险分析理论对澄碧河水库大坝进行了漫坝风险研究，计算了土坝的漫坝风险，探讨了该土坝的漫坝风险标准．计算结果表明，在允许漫坝风险范围内澄碧河水库整个汛期的防洪限制水位可由原来的185．00m提高到186．60m，水库蓄水量比原来增加了6400万m^3，从而提高了水电站的发电效益和其它方面的综合效益．     

雪野水库洪水风险管理研究

随着经济的发展和社会的进步,城市水资源缺乏的问题日益严重.运用漫坝风险分析理论,综合考虑影响漫坝的洪水、风浪、库容、泄水能力四方面的不确定性,建立了雪野水库大坝对抗洪水系列与风浪系列联合作用下的漫坝风险模型,对雪野水库漫坝安全做出评价.结合下游河道的泄洪能力、淹没范围等具体情况,通过风险计算及分析比较,提出了相应的水库优化调度方案,使水库在不增加工程投资的情况下,调蓄能力增加了1988万m3,提高了水库的经济效益和社会效益.     

潜堤对波浪在直立式防浪墙上爬高的影响

对直立式防浪墙前潜堤的空间布置对波浪在直墙上爬高的影响进行了研究.建立简化模型,即直立式防浪墙前海床设计为平底,潜堤设计为直立薄板. 改变潜堤高度及其与防浪墙之间距,研究不同的潜堤布置对波浪在直墙上爬高的影响. 针对线性波浪场,利用数值波浪水槽模拟了潜堤作用下直墙上波浪的爬高现象. 同时建立了理论模型,系统地分析了潜堤布置形式对直墙上波浪爬高的影响. 研究结果表明潜堤相对于水深的高度越大,对波浪在直墙上爬高的影响越大,而在一定的相对高度条件下,潜堤与直立墙之间距对波浪爬高的影响呈现出一定的规律性.      

堰塞坝漫顶溃决过程数值模拟

根据堰塞坝坝体材料的宽级配特性,建立描述堰塞坝漫顶溃决溃口发展规律与流量过程的数值模型。该模型引入与水流方向垂直的附加作用力来考虑粗颗粒对细颗粒的阻拦和遮蔽作用以及细颗粒对粗颗粒的包围和填实作用。基于不同土体陡水槽冲蚀试验结果,针对宽级配堰塞坝材料在高强度水流侵蚀条件下的冲蚀特性,建议采用能反映坝体材料颗粒级配、密实度、强度、坝体坡度、水流速度及摩阻流速对冲蚀量影响的土体冲蚀公式。利用该数值模型对唐家山堰塞坝溃决案例进行计算分析,所得溃坝洪水流量过程与实测结果接近,验证了该模型和计算方法的合理性,表明该模型能准确反映水库库容和上游补给水流量对堰塞坝漫顶溃决发展过程的影响。     

孤立波作用下斜坡堤越浪量的数值模拟

海啸对海面上的船舶、建筑物及周围环境破坏极大,而对于海啸的研究通常采用孤立波来模拟.为了探究海啸对斜坡堤越浪的问题,在FLUENT软件中,建立二维数值波浪水槽,采用用户定义函数(user defined function,UDF)边界造波,流体体积函数(volume of fluid,VOF)方法追踪自由表面,模拟出孤立波波高随时间变化的情况.并利用斜坡堤数值波浪水槽模拟堤顶处的越浪量,与实验数据对比.进而,研究相对波高、相对超高、相对堤顶宽度对越浪量的影响.研究结果表明,孤立波在斜坡堤作用下,越浪量数值模拟的结果与实验值吻合较好;无量纲越浪量随着相对波高的增大而增大;随着相对超高、相对堤顶宽度的增大而减小;通过模拟不同堤顶宽度的越浪量,总结出孤立波越浪量沿堤顶宽度衰减的经验公式.     

直立式防浪墙对单坡斜坡堤越浪量分布的影响

考虑到国内普遍带有防浪墙的斜坡堤在风暴潮下受到最大越浪量的破坏威胁,采用波浪水槽试验测定了破碎波情况下单坡带有直立式防浪墙上的单波越浪量,基于现有的单坡无防浪墙的越浪量分布计算公式,引入防浪墙影响因子,推导出单坡带有防浪墙的越浪量分布形状参数和越浪概率的计算公式.研究结果表明,越浪量分布形状参数、越浪概率都与相对出水高度、防浪墙相对高度有关.随着防浪墙相对高度的增大,形状参数呈指数增大趋势,而越浪概率呈指数减小趋势.研究结果可为海堤设计提供参考.     

胶结土坝漫顶溃坝模型试验研究

通过开展大尺度胶结土坝溃坝模型试验,对胶结土坝在洪水漫顶作用下的流速分布、坝体侵蚀的变化过程进行了分析,以验证胶结土坝漫顶不溃的可能性。试验结果表明：模型填筑胶结土28 d无侧限抗压强度达到4 MPa以上;胶结土坝在最大坝顶水头为55 cm、下游坡比1∶2、最大流速达5.6 m/s条件下,漫顶冲刷44 h未发生溃决破坏;漫顶冲刷后下游坝坡最大侵蚀深度为10 cm,平均侵蚀深度仅为1.07 cm;胶结土坝可有效防止洪水漫顶冲刷引发的溃决破坏。     

Numerical study of wave overtopping of a seawall supported by porous structures

This paper presents a VOF-based two-phase flow model for the simulation of wave interactions with seawall supported by a porous terrace. Firstly, the model was verified against laboratory data in a simple case for wave overtopping of a vertical wall. Comparison of computed and measured wave properties showed reasonably good agreement. The model was then applied to study the interactions of waves and a seawall protected by porous structures with a permeable terrace. The application results showed that the overtopping rate was strongly related to the energy dissipation through the drag force; the porous reef and terrace were very effective to produce a low crest type seawall. It is concluded that there exist two optimum values of porosity of the submerged reef, about of 0.25 and 0.7, that give minimum overtopping rates. Whereas, there is an effective range of porosity of the permeable terrace varying from 0.4 to 0.65 for significantly reducing the overtopping rate. The verification results confirm that the VOF-based two-phase flow model is sufficient robust to simulate the wave overtopping of coastal structures with reasonable accuracy.     

Numerical simulation of solitary waves overtopping on a sloping sea dike using a particle method

Sea dikes, as a commonly used type of coastal protection structures, are often attacked or damaged by violent waves overtopping under tsunamis and storm surges. In this study, the behavior of solitary waves traveling on a sloping sea dike is simulated, and solitary wave overtopping characteristics are analyzed using a complete Lagrangian numerical method, the moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method. To better describe the complicated fluid motions during the wave overtopping process, the original MPS method is modified by introducing a new free surface detection method, i.e., the area filling rate identification method, and a modified gradient operator to provide higher precision. Meanwhile, the approximation method for sloping boundaries in particle methods is enhanced, and a smooth slope approximation method is proposed and recommended. To verify the improved MPS method, a solitary wave traveling over a steep sloping bed is studied. The entire solitary wave run-up and run-down processes and exquisite water movements are reproduced well by the present method, and are consistent with the corresponding experimental results. Subsequently, the improved MPS method is applied to investigate the overtopping process of a single solitary wave over a sloping sea dike. The results show that the hydraulic jump phenomenon is also possible to occur during the run-down motion of the solitary wave overtopping. Finally, the characteristics of the propagation and overtopping of two successive solitary waves on a sloping sea dike are discussed. The result manifests that the interaction between adjacent solitary waves affects wave overtopping patterns and overtopping velocities.