集值映射空间中的图象拓扑（I）

在集值映射空间中引入了四种图象拓扑，给出它们之间的关系，并在点紧致连续映射空间上证明了其中两种拓扑之间的等价关系．     

On retroactive occurrence and twin events in quantum mechanics

Bohr's well-known claim that only a registered phenomenon is a true phenomenon is further elaborated into occurrence in the past: If ideal occurrence of an eventP ((1–P)) is a state at a timet _i makes another eventQ ((1–Q))certain at a later timet _f, and, finallyU is the evolution operator fromt _i tot _f, then, it is proved that the final collapsed stateQ(U U ⁺)Q/TrQU U ⁺, which comes about in ideal occurrence ofQ att _f,equals the initial collapsed stateU(P P/TrP)U ⁺, which evolves from the state resulting from the ideal occurrence ofP in att _i. Utilizing the latter state is called theretroactive apparent ideal occurrence (RAIO) ofP in. A number of consequences, including the general notion of twin events (the case whent _f=t _i, andU=1) is derived. It is pointed out that RAIO is relevant in second-kind quantum measurement, in Wheeler's delayed-choice experiments in second-kind (or conditional) quantum preparators.     

桐花煤污病的病原菌和病害发生特点初步观察

１９９６年至１９９７年在广西沿海调查红树林植物病害时采集到桐花的煤污病病叶标本,用火棉胶贴片法取桐花叶面上的煤污菌斑显微观察,发现附在桐花叶面上的煤污菌有４种：番荔枝煤炱菌（ＣａｐｎｏｄｉｕｍａｎｏｎａＰａｔ．,其无性阶段为狭籽小箭壳孢（ＭｉｃｒｏｘｙｐｈｉｕｍｌｅｐｔｏｓｐｅｒｍｉＦｉｓｃｈｅｒ．）、杜茎山星盾炱（ＡｓｔｅｒｉｎａｍａｅｓａｅＰａｔ．）、撒播烟霉（ＦｕｍａｇｏｖａｇａｎｓＰｅｒｓ．）、盾壳霉（Ｃｏｎｉｏｔｈｙｒｉｕｍｓｐ．）。调查发现煤污病只发生在生长于河口内缘的桐花,其他地方的桐花没找到病株;几种煤污菌常常一起着生在一叶斑上;桐花煤污病具有明显的发病中心。     

Solutions of alkali soaps and water in fatty acids IX. The location of theL 2-phase in three-component systems of sodium soap — fatty acid — water,in view of the occurrence of acid soaps

Previous studies of the occurrence of acid soaps in systems containing a longchain sodium soap and the corresponding fatty acid, and the study of phase equilibria in the system sodium octanoate — octanoic acid — water, performed by our group at the beginning of the 1960s, show that the isotropic liquidL ₂-phase of the last mentioned system in its whole region of existence is situated in that part in which acid soaps occur. This provides an explanation for the fact that theL ₂-phase itself contains acid sodium octanoates in all regions. TheL ₂-phase has its origin in the water-free melt of fatty acid and neutral soap in which these components react with each other under the formation of an acid soap. When water is added to the system, this water-free acid soap is transformed into different hydrated acid soaps. In a large region of concentration, there is an extremely close relation between theL ₂-phase and the liquid-crystalline lamellarD-phase, which itself consists of hydrated acid soaps. At its outermost water-rich tip, theL ₂-phase is in equilibrium with theL ₁-phase of the system, just above the+LAC, that is, with the most dilute aqueous soap solution in which acid soap still may be formed in aqueous environment. Formation of acid soap is a fundamental requirement for the existence of this isotropic liquidL ₂-phase.     

铁岭煤中重金属元素的赋存形态及其在热解过程中的挥发行为研究

采用密度分离、脱灰处理和逐级化学提取等间接方法,考察了铁岭煤中Pb, Cr, Co, Ni, V五个重金属元素的宏观结合形态,并在Φ25mm小型石英流化床反应装置上考察了上述五个重金属元素在热解过程中的挥发行为。研究发现,铁岭煤中Pb, Cr, Co, Ni, V均主要与非黄铁矿类矿物质相伴生, 且高达40%～60%赋存在硅酸盐类矿物质中。Pb的碳酸盐结合态和有机束缚的离子可交换态600℃前即可分解转化,而其硫化物和硫酸盐结合态在较高的热解温度下才能分解挥发；Co、Ni的硫化物和硫酸盐结合态在高温下可部分转换为有机结合的离子可交换态；而Cr、V的硫化物和硫酸盐结合态在高温下部分转化生成了新的热稳定相。在500℃～900℃范围内,Pb属半挥发性元素,Cr, Co, Ni, V属难挥发性元素。微量元素的挥发性极大地受其伴生环境、共存活泼元素等的影响,硅铝酸盐类矿物质对重金属元素的挥发有一定的抑制作用。     

西安市行道树主要害虫发生规律及防治研究

西安市主要行道树有国槐、法桐等 ,危害较为严重的害虫有叶螨、卷叶蛾、槐蚜、国槐尺蠖、大蓑蛾、龟蜡蚧 ,受害虫危害的行道树常常导致早期落叶 ,新梢萎缩 ,枝梢出现光秃现象 ,从而影响行道树正常生长 .     

技术风险与对策研究

本文首先分析了技术风险的概念和特点及其发生的内在机制和各种模式 ,并通过探讨如何建立一套有效的技术风险评估体系 ,提出了技术风险的应对措施 ,以有效防范或减少技术风险。     

共有人优先购买权的发生及制度价值?

共有人优先购买权是一项有着悠久历史渊源的民事特别优先权制度，在长期的历史发展中已形成一种交易习惯。由于我国法律对共有人优先购买权规定比较模糊笼统，操作性不强，才导致了纠纷的大量出现。共有人优先购买权有利于减少冲突的发生，促进交易秩序的安全稳定，有利于对共有财产的保护。规定具体的共有人优先购买权制度，不但可以降低交易成本，还可以稳定交易秩序。在现阶段，我国有必要保留共有人优先购买权制度，并对该制度进行完善。     

湖南辰溪特高有机硫煤的稀土元素特征及其成因

采用高分辨率电感耦合等离子质谱(HR-ICP-MS)技术测定辰溪晚二叠世高有机硫(7.75%)煤中的稀土元素(REEs)。辰溪煤中∑REE变化较大,从38.84 μg/g至305.85 μg/g,加权平均值为104.57 μg/g,高于世界煤均值,与中国煤相近。辰溪煤中有明显的Ce负异常(δCe=0.74~0.84)和Eu的负异常(δEu=0.55~0.69)。煤层剖面上稀土元素含量和分布模式的变化反映了成煤环境的波动,从底板到顶板陆源物质的影响减弱,而海水的影响增强。沉积环境的阶段性变化是导致剖面上下有机硫与黄铁矿硫比值相差悬殊的原因。辰溪煤中稀土元素与铁呈现了显著的正相关性(n=11,r=0.95),说明其物质来源和富集条件有一定相似性,即陆源物质和海水共同影响的结果。稀土元素的分布模式以及∑REE与灰分、Si、Al的相关性说明了其主要来源于陆源物质;辰溪煤中δCe与δEu在剖面上变化很小,说明海水对煤中的稀土元素存在重新改造的作用。     

广西某锰银矿工艺矿物学及锰的赋存状态

对广西某锰银矿进行了工艺矿物学的研究,查明了锰银原矿石矿矿物成分.金属矿物主要为硬锰矿、软锰矿、黄铁矿、赤铁矿和少量毒砂、黄铜矿、闪锌矿.矿石的主要结构是隐晶质结构、胶状结构、显微鳞片结构及砂质结构.主要的构造是脉状构造、胶状构造、浸染状构造.精矿中银品位是3 923 g.t-1,锰的赋存状态是独立的锰矿物,锰矿物是硬锰矿和软锰矿.精矿中硬锰矿在0.152~0.088 mm粒级范围内占17%,0.088~0.074 mm粒级范围内占38%;>0.074 mm粒级范围占40%;软锰矿在0.152~0.088 mm粒级范围内占18%,0.088~0.074 mm粒级范围内占35%;>0.074 m...