径向井排引导水力压裂裂缝扩展机理研究

为探究径向井排系统对裂缝的影响，明确水力裂缝的扩展规律，利用扩展有限元理论建立了流固耦合三维裂缝扩展模型，模拟了受径向井排引导的水力裂缝扩展过程。重点分析了3种影响因素（径向井排方位角、水平地应力差、径向井孔径）对水力裂缝的引导机理。首次提出了"引导因子"的概念，并将其作为有效评价径向井排引导效果的量化参数。研究发现，径向井方位角、水平地应力差、径向井井径会对水力裂缝的引导效果产生影响：较小的径向井方位角、水平地应力差以及较大的井径都使径向井排具有较强的引导能力和较好的引导效果，反之亦然。同时，较大井径对增加水力裂缝宽度有明显作用。最后，利用大尺寸真三轴水力压裂模拟试验证实了数值模拟结果具有一定的准确性。     

“二三结合”开发模式渗流特征研究

L油田B区块开展"二三结合"实验区,"二三结合"开发模式渗流特征对区块的合理高效开发具有重要意义。为了明确其渗流特征,利用油藏数值模拟软件Eclipse建立代表意义的油藏数值模型,研究区块"二三结合"开发模式下原射孔层和补孔层的渗流特征,分析了"二三结合"开发模式下,不同开发阶段综合含水率、采出程度、井底压力、地层压力及含水饱和度的变化特征。研究表明,"二三结合"开发模式先通过水驱开发挖潜原射孔层剩余油,提高厚油层顶部剩余油的采出程度,再通过聚合物驱进一步提高开发效果,通过水驱与聚驱的综合作用,最终得到较好的开发效果。     

Experimental and numerical analysis of cylindrical turbulators in a double pipe heat exchanger under turbulent flow conditions

In the present work, the use of cylindrical turbulators in a double pipe heat exchanger has been investigated. Cylindrical fin type of turbulators has been placed circumferentially separated by 90° on the outer side of an inner pipe at a regular pitch. Experimental studies were undertaken for different air flow rates in a turbulent regime whose Reynolds number range between 2500 and 10000. Heat transfer characteristics like Nu and friction factor have been experimentally determined. Parametric studies were conducted by changing the pitch and also the orientation of the turbulators. Nu and friction factor were found to increase as the pitch is reduced. A model with alternatively changed orientation outperformed others by exhibiting highest Nu and reduced friction factor.     

A volatolomic approach using cerumen as biofluid to diagnose bovine intoxication by Stryphnodendron rotundifolium

An innovative volatolomic approach employs the detection of biomarkers present in cerumen (earwax) to identify cattle intoxication by Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart., Fabaceae (popularly known as barbatimão). S. rotundifolium is a poisonous plant with the toxic compound undefined and widely distributed throughout the Brazilian territory. Cerumen samples from cattle of two local Brazilian breeds (‘Curraleiro Pé-Duro’ and ‘Pantaneiro’) were collected during an experimental intoxication protocol and analyzed using headspace (HS)/GC–MS followed by multivariate analysis (genetic algorithm for a partial least squares, cluster analysis, and classification and regression trees). A total of 106 volatile organic metabolites were identified in the cerumen samples of bovines. The intoxication by S. rotundifolium influenced the cerumen volatolomic profile of the bovines throughout the intoxication protocol. In this way, it was possible to detect biomarkers for cattle intoxication. Among the biomarkers, 2-octyldecanol and 9-tetradecen-1-ol were able to discriminate all samples between intoxicated and nonintoxicated bovines. The cattle intoxication diagnosis by S. rotundifolium was accomplished by applying the cerumen analysis using HS/GC–MS, in an easy, accurate, and noninvasive way. Thus, the proposed bioanalytical chromatography protocol is a useful tool in veterinary applications to determine this kind of intoxication.     

基于三维点云的岩体结构面自动分类与参数计算

结构面间距是岩体稳定性和力学特性分析中的一个重要参数，在岩石力学、采矿工程、边坡监测等领域的数值计算中广泛应用.本文以岩体边坡露头为研究对象，基于非接触测量获得的三维点云数据，提出一种基于密度聚类的结构面细化分类方法；在结构面粗略分组提取的基础上，通过投影变换、散乱点拟合等算法，求得结构面间距和岩体体积节理数.设计开发了结构面细化分类及间距等参数计算与分析原型系统，实际案例分析表明，本文方法可有效实现结构面的自动细化分类，并能够计算出间距等相关参数，可为岩体质量分级和岩体稳定性分析等提供方法支撑.     

Finite‐size corrections at the hard edge for the Laguerre β ensemble

A fundamental question in random matrix theory is to quantify the optimal rate of convergence to universal laws. We take up this problem for the Laguerre β ensemble, characterized by the Dyson parameter β, and the Laguerre weight , in the hard edge limit. The latter relates to the eigenvalues in the vicinity of the origin in the scaled variable . Previous work has established the corresponding functional form of various statistical quantities—for example, the distribution of the smallest eigenvalue, provided that . We show, using the theory of multidimensional hypergeometric functions based on Jack polynomials, that with the modified hard edge scaling , the rate of convergence to the limiting distribution is , which is optimal. In the case , general the explicit functional form of the distribution of the smallest eigenvalue at this order can be computed, as it can for and general . An iterative scheme is presented to numerically approximate the functional form for general .     

数控仿真中切削面计算的并行化研究

针对高离散精度模型与刀具包围体进行切削计算的情况,由于三维图像重建的计算量大,基于传统CPU实现的数控加工仿真系统不能满足实时性的三维绘制。本文利用GPU的并行性特点,提出并行方式数控仿真切削面显示算法:通过线程并行处理基于MC算法的实体构造模型中体素与刀具包围体的切削计算,根据切削后体素角点信息和边的状态查找建立的构型索引表和交点数目索引表,加速数控仿真切削面的提取,从而提高三维图像的绘制速度,满足实时性显示要求。     

Ⅰ级洁净手术室中无影灯直径的确定

采用高雷诺数K-ε二方程模型，从控制污染物的扩散范围和保证工作区乱流度这两个指标出发，对I级洁净手术室内无影灯直径进行了研究，为无影灯直径的选型提供了依据。     

Inner derivations and norm equality

We characterize when the norm of the sum of two bounded operators on a Hilbert space is equal to the sum of their norms.

     

Enlargement of the Wiener filtration by an absolutely continuous random variable via Malliavin’s calculus

Summary. The analytic treatment of problems related to the asymptotic behaviour of random dynamical systems generated by stochastic differential equations suffers from the presence of non-adapted random invariant measures. Semimartingale theory becomes accessible if the underlying Wiener filtration is enlarged by the information carried by the orthogonal projectors on the Oseledets spaces of the (linearized) system. We study the corresponding problem of preservation of the semimartingale property and the validity of a priori inequalities between the norms of stochastic integrals in the enlarged filtration and norms of their quadratic variations in case the random element F enlarging the filtration is real valued and possesses an absolutely continuous law. Applying the tools of Malliavin’s calculus, we give smoothness conditions on F under which the semimartingale property is preserved and a priori martingale inequalities are valid. Received: 12 April 1995 / In revised form: 7 March 1996