低焊接裂纹敏感性钢焊接接头组织及微观力学性能

采用埋弧自动焊接方法焊接高强度低焊接裂纹敏感性钢板,并对其焊接接头进行显微组织观察、维氏显微硬度和纳米压痕检测.结果表明:粗晶热影响区的显微组织以粗大粒状贝氏体为主,由于该区的精细结构中含有大量纳米级析出相,且位错密度较高,使得该区具有较高的维氏显微硬度和纳米硬度值;焊缝区和细晶热影响区的主要显微组织分别为针状铁素体+...     

Corrosion and wear resistance properties of multilayered diamond‐like carbon nanocomposite coating

Multilayered diamond‐like carbon (DLC) nanocomposite coating has been deposited on silicon and stainless steel substrates by combination of cathodic arc evaporation and magnetron sputtering. In order to make DLC coating adhered to metal substrate, a chromium interlayer has been deposited with constant bias voltage of −150 V applied to the substrate. Dense multilayered coating consists of metallic or nonmetallic and tetrahedral carbon (ta‐C) layers with total thickness of 1.44 μm. The coating has been studied for composition, morphology, surface nature, nanohardness, corrosion resistance, and tribological properties. The composition of the coating has been estimated by energy‐dispersive spectroscopy. Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy have been used to study the surface morphology and topography. I_D/I_G ratio of ta‐C:N layer obtained from Raman spectroscopy is 1.2, indicating the disorder in the layer. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of individual ta‐C:N, CrN, and Cr‐doped DLC layers confirm the presence of sp²C, sp³C, CrN, Cr₂N, and carbidic carbon, and sp²C, sp³C, and Cr carbide. Nanohardness studies show the maximum penetration depth of 70 to 85 nm. Average nanohardness of the multilayered DLC coating is found to be 35 ± 2.8 GPa, and Young's modulus is 270 GPa. The coating demonstrates superior corrosion resistance with better passivation behavior in 3.5% NaCl solution, and corrosion potential is observed to move towards nobler (more positive) values. A low coefficient of friction (0.11) at different loads is observed from reciprocating wear studies. Wear volume is lower at all loads on the multilayered DLC nanocomposite coating compared to the substrate.     

Hardness of Mn2V2O7 thin films and its influential factors

Mn2V2O7 thin films were deposited onto amorphous glass substrates using a chemical bath deposition method and different deposition time. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to define the structure of the films. Their roughness, thickness, and surface properties were evaluated through atomic force microscopy (AFM). The hardness of the films was measured using a nanohardness tester. The film thickness, average grain size, and roughness were positively correlated with each other. These three parameters were observed to increase with the deposition time. The film thickness and average grain size were inversely correlated with the hardness and rough-ness. In addition, the number of crystallites per unit area and the dislocation density were observed to be positively correlated with the hardness and roughness. This study was designed to elucidate and formalize the underlying reasons for these relationships.     

核电主管道铸造不锈钢的热老化脆化

为了研究中国核电主管道铸造不锈钢Z3CN20-09M的热老化,在300、350和400℃下,对Z3CN20-09M进行了长达30000 h的加速热老化实验.对不同热老化时间下的样品进行了冲击性能和铁素体纳米硬度测定.以夏比冲击功作为热老化脆化参量,利用拟合的方法得出该材料的热老化激活能为51.962 kJ.mol-1.通过热老化因子P得出了用夏比冲击功表示的热老化脆化动力学公式.利用热老化激活能和热老化动力学公式预测了Z3CN20-09M在实际运行温度下服役40 a内的夏比冲击功和铁素体显微硬度变化.预测结果表明在运行5a内是该材料韧性迅速下降的时期,随后的运行过程中下降过程趋缓.     

直流磁控溅射Ti-Si-N 超硬纳米复合膜的结构与力学性能

采用Ti-Si复合靶在321不锈钢基体上用直流磁控反应溅射方法制得超硬纳米复合Ti-Si-N膜层,并借助能谱仪(EDX)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X光电子谱(XPS)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、纳米压入仪和划痕仪对膜层的成分、结构和力学性能进行了分析.结果表明:随着膜层中Si含量的增加,Ti-Si-N膜的硬度逐渐升高,当a(Si)=11.2%时达到峰值42 GPa;随着Si含量的进一步增长,膜层硬度开始下降.XRD和XPS结果显示,最硬的Ti-Si-N膜层包含大小约为8 nm的TiN纳米晶以及包围在其周围的非晶态Si3N4.XRD结果显示,随着Si的引入,膜层中TiN晶粒的择优取向由纯TiN膜层中的(111)变为Ti-Si-N膜层中的(200).划痕实验也显示了Si的添加对膜层结合力的影响.最后对该纳米复合膜的强化机制进行了探讨.     

Fe/Cu纳米多层薄膜中内应力对其力学性能的影响

利用直流磁控溅射方法制备了Fe/Cu纳米多层膜,使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、薄膜应力分布测试仪和纳米压痕技术研究了不同周期结构Fe/Cu纳米多层薄膜的内应力及其纳米力学性能.在Fe/Cu纳米多层薄膜中,由于铁和铜的结构和本征性能的差异,形成多层膜结构后存在张应力,其张应力在周期T=10时达到910.08 MPa,对应的纳米硬度为12.3 GPa.随着多层薄膜调制周期数T的增加而内应力逐渐降低,纳米硬度和弹性模量随着张应力缓释也出现下降.根据纳米薄膜内应力对其力学性能的影响,探讨了内应力与薄膜纳米力学性能的相关性.     

纳米压痕试验在纳米材料研究中的应用

纳米材料由于其本身特殊的尺度,呈现出与体材料完全不同的力学、摩擦学性质.纳米压痕试验作为一种在纳米尺度进行力学、摩擦学性质表征的有效手段,已经被成功地运用于单层/多层薄膜、超薄膜、纳米线/管等纳米材料的纳米摩擦学研究中.在硬度、弹性模量的测量以及弹性/塑性形变、应变强化等现象的研究中已经取得了许多重要的成果.但是,目前的纳米压痕试验还存在着重复性差、精确定量困难、缺少统一的测试标准等问题.寻找解决这些问题的方法,是纳米压痕试验未来发展中的重要课题.     

磁控溅射沉积TiN薄膜工艺优化

磁控溅射TiN薄膜的力学和腐蚀性能与薄膜的结构密切相关,而其结构又取决于薄膜的制备工艺.采用正交实验方法对影响TiN薄膜结构和性能的重要参数如电流、负偏压、氮流量和基体温度等进行优化,以期获得更优的制备工艺条件.实验结果显示,其对TiN薄膜纳米硬度影响由大到小的次序为：基体温度＞负偏压＞电流＞氮流量;对膜/基结合力的影响由大到小的顺序为：基体温度＞氮流量＞电流＞负偏压.综合考虑TiN薄膜的纳米硬度和膜/基结合力,获得的最优方案为：基体温度300℃,电流0.2A,负偏压-85 V,标准状态下氮流量4 mL/min.     

集成电路钝化层薄膜的纳米力学性质研究

利用等离子体增强化学气相淀积工艺在P型单晶硅（111）衬底上制备了厚度为70、150、450nm的SiO2薄膜和100、170、220nm的Si3N4薄膜,并使用纳米压入仪对薄膜进行了纳米力学测试与分析．薄膜在不同载荷下的硬度和弹性模量计算采用Oliver-Pharr方法．在测量两种薄膜的硬度时没有发现压痕尺寸效应．SiO2薄膜的弹性模量与压入深度的依赖关系不明显,但与薄膜厚度的依赖关系较明显,薄膜厚度的增加将导致弹性模量显著减小,而Si3N4的弹性模量与薄膜厚度的依赖关系不明显,但与压入深度的依赖关系较明显,会随着压入深度的增加而逐渐增加到某一定值．     

热解碳的纳米硬度及弹性模量

借助纳米力学测试系统的纳米压痕法,测定了高温处理前、后的纯热解碳和3D正交编织碳/碳复合材料中热解碳的纳米硬度和弹性模量,讨论了加载和卸载过程的载荷 位移特征.测试结果表明,热解碳在高温处理前,只发生弹性变形,高温处理后不仅发生弹性变形,也产生塑性变形.测得高温处理前纯热解碳的模量为33.84 GPa,高温处理后的热解碳模量为4.65 GPa,二者的差值是乱层结构向石墨结构转变引起的,3D碳/碳复合材料中的热解碳模量为30.08GPa.