川金丝猴输卵管微血管铸型的扫描电镜观察

用扫描电镜观察了ABS丁酮溶液灌注的川金丝猴输卵管的微血管构筑情况 ,结果显示 :①川金丝猴输卵管的血液来自生殖动脉的 4～ 5支输卵管支 .②输卵管血管可区分为 3个血管层 :浆膜层血管呈网络状 ,肌层血管丛呈平行树枝状分布 ,粘膜层血管呈致密的网状 ,后者在伞部的密度明显高于近子宫端处 .③管壁内静脉较少弯曲 ,与动脉的伴行关系不如系膜内明显 .④微动脉铸型表面有环形纹理及内皮细胞核压迹 ,微静脉铸型表面则较光滑 ,无环形纹理 ,但有内皮细胞核压迹 .     

家兔输卵管微血管铸型的扫描电镜观察

用扫描电镜观察了ＡＢＳ丁酮溶液灌注的家兔输卵管的微血管构筑，结果显示输卵管的血液来自生殖动脉的３－５支输卵管支，输卵管支进入管壁后，即在管壁内分支形成３个血管层；浆膜层血管呈网络状，肌层血管丛呈平行树枝状，粘膜血管层呈致密的网状，后者在伞部的密度明显高于近子宫端处。     

肺微血管研究进展

综述了脊椎动物肺微血管构筑的研究进展及特点．两栖动物在囊状肺的内表面出现了网状隔膜与次级隔膜，以增加气体交换面积，提高气体交换率；爬行动物肺内壁上不仅有网状隔膜和次级隔膜，还出现了三级隔膜，使得动物肺壁内表面积有较大增加，显示其结构比两栖动物有较大进步，更有利于进行气体交换；鸟肺三级支气管与周围放射状紧密排列的微气管结构上排列着丰富的毛细血管网，并相互吻合成密集的立体微血管网，呼吸表面积大为增加，比两栖、爬行动物又有更大进步；哺乳动物和人肺则由发达的支气管系统及大量的肺泡囊与肺泡构成，肺泡与肺泡隔毛细血管为密集网，显示肺结构有极大的呼吸表面积，更有利于血液与进入肺内的空气进行气体交换．肺脏微血管的三维构筑特点及变化充分显示了动物与生存环境相适应的结构特点，亦体现出生物由低等向高等进化过程中结构与功能相适应的规律．     

麻蜥和蟾蜍肺微血管铸型的比较观察

为了搞清蜥蜴和蟾蜍肺微血管构筑的特征与差异,利用扫描电镜对密点麻蜥(Eremiasmultiocellata)和花背蟾蜍(BuforaddeiStrauch)的肺微血管做了铸型观察.结果表明,密点麻蜥肺内壁上有许多网状隔膜、次级隔膜和三级隔膜,将其肺壁内表面分隔成许多囊状室、小室、亚小室.花背蟾蜍肺内壁上仅有网状隔膜和次级隔膜而没有三级隔膜,将其肺壁内表面分隔成许多小室和亚小室,花背蟾蜍肺内壁上的网状隔膜比密点麻蜥明显稀少.在肺泡壁和各级隔膜上均有丰富的毛细血管相互吻合成单层密集网.密点麻蜥和花背蟾蜍肺泡毛细血管直径分别为7 0～12 5μm和11 5～15 5μm,毛细血管间的网眼孔径分别是5～17μm和9～21μm.     

A model for predicting magnetic targeting of multifunctional particles in the microvasculature

A mathematical model is presented for predicting magnetic targeting of multifunctional carrier particles that are designed to deliver therapeutic agents to malignant tissue in vivo. These particles consist of a nonmagnetic core material that contains embedded magnetic nanoparticles and therapeutic agents such as photodynamic sensitizers. For in vivo therapy, the particles are injected into the vascular system upstream from malignant tissue, and captured at the tumor using an applied magnetic field. The applied field couples to the magnetic nanoparticles inside the carrier particle and produces a force that attracts the particle to the tumor. In noninvasive therapy, the applied field is produced by a permanent magnet positioned outside the body. In this paper, a mathematical model is developed for predicting noninvasive magnetic targeting of therapeutic carrier particles in the microvasculature. The model takes into account the dominant magnetic and fluidic forces on the particles and leads to an analytical expression for predicting their trajectory. An analytical expression is also derived for predicting the volume fraction of embedded magnetic nanoparticles required to ensure capture of the carrier particle at the tumor. The model enables rapid parametric analysis of magnetic targeting as a function of key variables including the size of the carrier particle, the properties and volume fraction of the embedded magnetic nanoparticles, the properties of the magnet, the microvessel, the hematocrit of the blood and its flow rate.     

游蛇和沙蜥肺微血管铸型的比较观察

研究动物肺的微血管构筑情况,对于呼吸生理学和比较解剖学研究都有重要意义．Kemdall．Hajiya＆Okada,侯广棋和真炳攸等报道了人和鼠、犬等兽类肺微血管构筑情况,Duncher,West ＆ Bamford et al 研究了鸟类三级支气管和毛细血管的排列关系,刘代成等对家鸽肺毛细血管做了铸型观察,Smith ＆ Campbell,Smhh ＆ Rapson,Barrel ＆ Lamestchwandtner研究了爪蟾的肺微血管构筑及发育情况,笔者报道了川金丝猴和黄脊游蛇、菜花烙铁头、榆林沙蜥、麻蜥、花背蟾蜍等动物的肺微血管构筑情况,有关沙蜥肺微血管构筑与蛇类肺微血管的比较研究国内还未见报道,为了搞清沙蜥肺微血管构筑与游蛇肺微血管构筑的特点和差异,笔者对榆林沙蜥（Phrynocephalus frontalis Strauch）和虎斑游蛇（Rhabdophis tigrina lateralis）的肺微血管作了铸型扫描电镜观察．     

利用猪颅底血管网建立用于介入治疗的脑动静脉畸形栓塞模型实验研究

目的利用猪颅底微血管网建立用于介入治疗的动静脉畸形模型.方法使用液体胶或颗粒介入栓塞猪cAVM模型,其中微导管的位置、栓塞剂的量及注射速度均模拟人体内介入栓塞的过程.通过模拟cAVM介入栓塞过程,观察栓塞效果及并发症情况.结果此模型建造简单,通过血管造影可见到供血动脉、畸形血管团和引流静脉.制备的模型均可承受全身麻醉、显微外科手术和血管内操作,没有不良后果.结论利用猪cAVM模型进行新型栓塞剂的实验,操作者可通过此模型进行介入栓塞的训练,提高介入技术水平.     

Visualization of microvasculature and thrombi by X‐ray phase‐contrast computed tomography in hepatocellular carcinoma

Visualization of the microvascular network and thrombi in the microvasculature is a key step to evaluating the development of tumor growth and metastasis, and influences treatment selection. X‐ray phase‐contrast computed tomography (PCCT) is a new imaging technique that can detect minute changes of density and reveal soft tissues discrimination at micrometer‐scale resolution. In this study, six human resected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues were investigated with PCCT. A histological stain was added to estimate the accuracy of PCCT. The results showed that the fine structures of the microvasculature (measuring 30–100 µm) and thrombi in tiny blood vessels were displayed clearly on imaging the HCC tissues by PCCT. Moreover, density distributions of the thrombi were obtained, which could be reliably used to distinguish malignant from benign thrombi in HCC. In conclusion, PCCT can clearly show the three‐dimensional subtle structures of HCC that cannot be detected by conventional absorption‐based computed tomography and provides a new method for the imageology of HCC.     

游蛇和烙铁头肺微血管铸型的扫描电镜观察

利用微血管铸型方法和扫描电镜观察研究了虎斑游蛇和菜花烙铁头的肺微血管构筑情况．结果发现：在虎斑游蛇和菜花烙铁头肺内壁上均有许多网状隔膜、次级隔膜、三级隔膜和肺泡隔，将其肺内壁分隔成大量的囊状室、小室、亚小室和肺泡．但菜花烙铁头肺内壁上的网状隔膜比虎斑游蛇明显稀少．在各级隔膜和肺泡壁上均有丰富的毛细血管并互相吻合成单层密集网．虎斑游蛇和菜花烙铁头肺泡毛细血管径和网眼孔径分别为6．5～13μm，7～11μm和5～42μm，8～25μm．微动脉以不同的弯曲行走于各级隔膜之内，并相互吻合成不规则的动脉网烙。在微动脉和终末微动脉铸型表面有明显的环行平滑肌细胞的压迹。     

Study of alternate cooling and heating treatment induced tumor microvasculature injury

Tumor microvasculature is important to tumor growth, metastasis and thus tumor treatment outcome. The alternate cooling and heating treatment has been confirmed to have advantages over single treatment of cooling or heating. The degree of tumor microvasculature damage induced by the alternate cooling and heating treatment and the mechanisms underlying are studied in this paper. The response of the tumor microvasculature to different treatments including alternate cooling and heating is observed in vivo thro...