The effect of covalent surface immobilization on the bactericidal efficacy of a quaternary ammonium compound

This study investigates the effect of surface immobilization on the bactericidal function of a quaternary ammonium compound. Quaternary ammonium silane (QAS) coated planar surfaces did not produce any measurable mortality of Staphylococcus aureus, while 1 µm QAS‐coated microparticles did produce S. aureus mortality. The experiments using QAS‐coated microparticles indicate that the ability of QAS molecules to disrupt the cell wall is not hindered by covalent immobilization of QAS to a surface. These results provide evidence that S. aureus cells on a QAS‐coated planar surface are not exposed to a sufficient number of QAS molecules to produce significant mortality. This result has important implications for the development of self‐decontaminating coatings. Covalent immobilization is used to prevent leaching of the bactericidal compound. However, covalent immobilization may result in a significant tradeoff in bactericidal performance. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Radiation formation of polymeric nanogels

An alternative method of synthesis of polymeric nanogels is proposed, based not on polymerization, but on intramolecular crosslinking of polymer chains, initiated by pulse irradiation in dilute aqueous solutions. Kinetic data show that for many water-soluble polymers irradiation under these conditions result in intramolecular crosslinking. Preliminary product studies on poly(vinyl alcohol) indicate that in fact internally crosslinked macromolecules can be obtained by this technique.     

气体抗溶剂法制备乙基纤维素微球过程的实验研究

对超临界流体制粒中的气体抗溶剂(GAS)法进行了改进，并制备出了平均粒径为0．1～10μm乙基纤维素微球，同时对GAS过程的影响因素，进行了系统的实验研究．结果表明，溶液浓度、温度对微球粒径大小影响显著；压力对粒径分布影响显著．此研究为运用GAS法制备粒径较小，具有缓释、靶向、黏附等功能的乙基纤维素含药微球打下基础．     

压力对超临界流体技术制备药物微粒的影响

研究了压力对乙基纤维素空白微粒粒径，以及阿莫西林-乙基纤维素-卡波谱缓释、黏附微粒性能的影响．实验表明乙基纤维素空白微粒和药物缓释、黏附微粒的粒径均随压力的升高而减小，但药物微粒的载药量和释放度曲线随压力的变化不明显。     

利用游戏化教学促进“微粒观”建构*——以“原子的结构”第一课时为例

分析了初中化学微粒观的教学内容和“原子的结构”的相关教学设计,针对学生“微粒观”建构存在的难题,提出利用反馈机制,采用“寓教于乐”的游戏化教学设计,并进行实践效果访谈。不仅完成了本课时的教学目标,也让学生对化学的兴趣更加浓厚。     

ZnS微粒子的光学截面及红外发射率光谱的计算

应用微粒子Ｍｉｅ散射理论，计算了ＺｎＳ粒子的散射、吸收和消化截面，并计算了相应粒子的红外发射率光谱，讨论了ＺｎＳ粒子在４．０－１０．０μｍ红外波段上的振荡吸收现象。     

Research Note: Mobility of Herbicide Microcapsules in Saturated Granular Media

The mobility of the microcapsules in saturated granular media was estimated on the basis of conventional breakthrough experiments in vertical columns packed with sands for various physical and chemical conditions. Four types of microcapsules have been tested, all of them were found to have reasonable mobility in clean quartz sand, but not in sandy soil. The immobility in the sandy soil was attributed to some production deficiencies in terms of shape, size and quality of the coating surface. The size of the microcapsules should be considerably smaller than those produced with an order of magnitude of a few micrometers. They should also be more spherical and with a smoother surface. The addition of a proper dispersant had stabilized the microcapsules suspension, and facilitated their transport in the sand. A major flow factor affecting microcapsules mobility is the water flux. The microcapsules should be applied at a high irrigation rate, which also implies a high water content in the soil profile. Considering solely the mobility aspect, it seems that the prospect for successful application of the new method for weed control is limited to granular soils with a high hydraulic conductivity at/or near saturation. However, for the time being the most limiting problem is the production of quality microcapsules with good physical and chemical properties.     

胰岛素缓控释制剂的研究进展

糖尿病是目前患病率较高的疾病,皮下注射胰岛素是治疗糖尿病的主要方法.天然胰岛素属于多肽蛋白类药物,体内半衰期较短,维持长时间的稳态血药浓度,需要频繁给药,患者的顺应性低.将胰岛素包封在生物相容性好的材料中制成微球或原位植入系统,可在注射部位缓慢持续释放胰岛素,减少注射给药的次数,增加患者的依从性.分析了目前胰岛素注射缓控释制剂的设计思路及相关研究进展.     

Doxorubicin-containing microparticles comprising cinnamoyl gelatin-folic acid conjugate,cinnamoyl Pluronic F127, and cinnamoyl poly(β-cyclodextrin)

Microparticles comprising of cinnamoyl gelatin (type A) (CA-GelA), cinnamoyl gelatin (type B) (CA-GelB), cinnamoyl Pluronic F127 (CA-Plu), and cinnamoyl poly(β-cyclodextrin) (CA-P(βCD)) were prepared as a carrier for doxorubicin (DOX). Folic acid (FA) was covalently attached to CA-GelA as a targeting molecule for cancer cells. The covalent attachment of FA was confirmed by ¹H-NMR spectroscopy. On the TEM micrographs, the microparticles were almost circular and they were a few hundreds of nanometers in diameter. The release at pH7.4 of DOX from microparticle/DOX suspension was more extensive when the FA content of microparticles was lower and the temperature of release medium was higher. According to the flow cytometric analysis, the lager amount of FA seemed to make the interaction of the microparticle and KB cell more favorable. On confocal laser fluorescence micrograph, the cell treated with microparticle bearing FA showed relatively strong DOX fluorescence, indicating the strong interaction of the microparticle and KB cells.     

Antioxidant encapsulated porous poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles for developing long acting inhalation system

The purpose of this study was to fabricate porous poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticles for efficient pulmonary deposition and increased therapeutic duration of the antioxidant anthocyanin (ATH). These microparticles were prepared by a water-in-oil-in-water (W(1)/O/W(2)) multi-emulsion method with vaporizing ammonium bicarbonate (AB) as a porogen and starch as a viscous additive. High porosity achieved by the decomposition reaction of AB to the base of ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water vapor at 50°C enabled efficient deposition of ATH throughout the entire lung in BALB/c mice. In addition, the porous microparticles incorporating starch showed sustained ATH release characteristics (up to 5 days) and protracted antioxidant activity (up to 5 days) for 2,2-diphenyl-1-pikryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, which was comparable to that of the porous microparticles without starch which completely released ATH in 2h. Furthermore, these porous microparticles incorporating starch led to longer ATH residence (up to 20 days) in in vivo lung epithelium. We believe that this system has great pharmaceutical potential as a long-acting antioxidant for continuously relieving oxidative stress in pulmonary diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).