渗碳的传质的数学模型及意义

本文研究了气体渗碳过程中,碳原子由气相到固相传递的动力学。根据固相表面的化学反应动力学方程,推导出碳由气相到固相的传递量正比于气—固相间碳的活度差。由此建立气—固相碳传递的动力学方程,并讨论了碳传递速度的影响团素。可推知,增加气相中一氧化碳和氢气含量可提高碳传递速度,另外,适量氧化介质特别是水可加速碳的传递。     

旋转床填料空间液体的液相传质分析

1前言旋转床。又称Higee或超重机，是八十年代初发展起来的一种新型、高效的传质分离设备[1]，图1为其示意图。由填料和填料框构成的转子安装在固定的外壳内，并以每分钟数百至数千转的转速旋转。其中，液体在强离心力（上千倍于重力）作用下，由转子中心沿径向向外甩出，在填料床内与向内的气体逆向接触，进行复杂的热、质传递。屈指可数的传质理论模型系建立在填料表面液膜的基础上[2]，而实验表明：旋转填料层空间内飞行的液体（滴、丝、膜）可能是传质的主体[2]。为此，本文将首先试探建立滴、丝和膜传质的理论模型，用它们分析计算在…     

Differential quadrature solution of heat- and mass-transfer equations

The heat- and mass-transfer equations have an important role in various thermal and diffusion processes. These equations are nonlinear, due to the solution dependent diffusion coefficient and the source term. In this study, one- and two-dimensional nonlinear heat- and mass-transfer equations are solved numerically. To this end, the differential quadrature method is used to discretize the problem spatially and the resulting nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations in time are solved using the Runge–Kutta method. The solution is improved in time iteratively by solving considerably small sized linear system of resulting equations. To demonstrate its usefulness and accuracy, the proposed method is applied to four test problems, involving different nonlinearities.     

考虑超临界高压吸附方程的页岩气传质输运模型

目前页岩气渗流方程中常用Langmuir模型来描述吸附项对流动的影响,但在储层条件下Langmuir模型不足以描述页岩气的超临界高压吸附特征,因此需要探索建立考虑超临界高压吸附模型的页岩气渗流方程。首先本文根据统计热力学基本原理并结合相应假设建立了超临界高压吸附模型,然后根据渗流理论建立了考虑超临界高压吸附模型的页岩气渗流模型,并与考虑Langmuir模型的渗流方程进行了对比。研究表明:与Langmuir模型相比新吸附模型更能准确的描述页岩的超临界高压等温吸附曲线;新渗流方程拟合页岩气流动实验结果的精度更高,更利于描述吸附解吸对流动的影响;认为吸附解吸作用对中期日产气量的影响较大。     

丙酮的气相吸收总传质系数的研究

文章为了研究气相总传质系数的关联式,实验采用安捷伦6820气相色谱仪、清水作为吸收剂,吸收空气——丙酮混合气体中的丙酮;用气相色谱仪测定填料吸收塔进口及出口气体中丙酮的摩尔分率,得出气相总传质系数的关联式。该式不仅简单,使用方便,且实验值与计算值较一致。     

Water diffusion through hydrogel membranes: A novel evaporation cell free of external mass-transfer resistance

A novel evaporative cell is used to measure steady-state gradient-driven diffusion rates of water through hydrogel membranes in the absence of external mass-transfer resistance. In this cell, the bottom surface of a hydrogel membrane is exposed to pure water vapor at known activity (a_w) less than unity, while a sealed liquid-water reservoir bathes the upper membrane surface. Induced by the chemical-potential gradient between the two surfaces, the water evaporation rate is monitored by the rate of weight loss of the water reservoir.Results at ambient temperature are compared with those from measured water flux through soft-contact-lens (SCL) materials and with other published experimental results. Concentration-dependent water diffusivities are obtained by interpreting measured water fluxes for 0.11 ≤ a_w ≤ 0.93 with extended Maxwell–Stefan (EMS) diffusion theory. Thermodynamic non-ideality is taken into account through Flory–Rehner polymer–solution theory. Shrinking/swelling is modeled by conservation of the total polymer mass assuming volume additivity. In spite of correction for thermodynamic non-ideality, EMS–water-diffusion coefficients increase with the water volume fraction, especially strongly for those hydrogel materials with low liquid-saturated water contents. The evaporation cell described here provides a simple robust method to establish water transport rates through soft-contact-lenses and other hydrogel membranes without the need to correct for external mass-transfer resistance.     

金属板波填料流体力学与传质性能的研究

采用乙醇-水系统作测试介质，在D为69mm精馏塔中，对金属压延孔板波纹填料4．5型与6．3型进行了流体力学与传质性能的测定，并将测定的数据加以整理、分析、研究。研究结果表明：在相同的操作条件下，4．5型的传质性能优于6．3型；而6．3型的压强降却小于4．5型。但就综合性能而言，6．3型还是优于4．5型。     

消失模铸造充型过程的传热及传质研究

对消失模铸造充型过程中关于传热及传质方面的研究进行了综述,分析了金属液、模样和型砂之间的传热现象和热解产物在涂层、型砂中的传质现象.强调了金属液、模样和涂层之间的界面反应以及热解产物在涂层和干砂中的传输行为对于控制消失模铸件凝固方式、提高铸件质量具有重要意义.     

外场协同强化扩散传质过程的唯象分析

根据非平衡热力学熵产生表达式中热力学力和流的定义，并结合不可逆过程中热力学力和流之间的因果关系，推导了热力学力和流之间的唯象表达式，由此分析得到：除化学势梯度及温度梯度(热扩散，Soret效应)能引起物质的扩散外，外场力也对物质扩散流产生贡献，其扩散传质流大小不仅与外场参量梯度大小及化学势梯度大小有关，还与它们的方向配合有关，即与外场同化学势场的配合有关，当外场梯度与化学势场梯度方向一致时，扩散传质流最大．     

The ultrasonic-enhanced factor of mass-transfer coefficient in the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction

Based on several hypotheses about the process of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, the onflow around the solute granule is figured out by the Navier-Stocks equation. In combination with the Higbie’s solute infiltration model, the link between the mass-transfer coefficient and the velocity of flow is found. The mass-transfer coefficient with the ultrasonical effect is compared with that without the ultrasonical effect, and then a new parameter named the ultrasonic-enhanced factor of mass-transfer coefficient is brought forward, which describes the mathematical model of the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction process enhanced by ultrasonic. The model gives out the relationships among the ultrasonical power, the ultrasonical frequency, the radius of solute granule and the ultrasonic-enhanced factor of mass-transfer coefficient. The results calculated by this model fit well with the experimental data, including the extraction of Coix Lacryma-jobi Seed Oil (CLSO) and Coix Lacryma-jobi Seed Ester (CLSE) from coix seeds and the extraction of Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) from the alga by means of the ultrasonic-enhanced supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (USFE) and the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE) respectively. This proves the rationality of the ultrasonic-enhanced factor model. The model provides a theoretical basis for the application of ultrasonic-enhanced supercritical fluid extraction technique. Supported by the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10674048) and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (Grant No. 06025714)