CaractErisation Par DSC Des Sequences De Transformation Au Cours D'un Chauffage Lent Des Alliages Amf A Base De Cu–Al–Ni

Quenching of the eutectoidal composition of the shape memory alloys (SMA’s) allowed us to display the gradual transition of the martensitic structure as a function of the composition. Indeed, we have verified that for low Al and Ni percentages, the martensite structure obtained is β′, while, for high Al and Ni (Al<13.3 mass%) contents, the martensite structure is essentially of β₁′ type. Elsewhere, we have observed that a nickel addition (<4.3 mass%) operates simultaneously on the composition of the eutectoidal pointand the domain of the different martensitic structures types. During reheating of the quenched structure, the transformation sequences of the martensite to the parent phase (β1), then the decomposition of the later phase into the equilibrium phases, and finally, the redissolution of all phases to form the β phase at high temperature, are rather similar. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Some non conventional devices with temperature control design and application

The development of a temperature control system based on semiconductor thermobatteries has been used in a set of devices for studying the martensitic transformation. The devices range from a simple stage for an optical microscope to a more elaborated system as a differential scanning calorimeter [1]. Here the attention is placed in this last system. The general problems of the temperature scanning calorimetry are reviewed from the signal theory point of view and the solutions applied to our system discussed. Some measurements are shown as an example of its application.     

On the entropic nucleation barrier in a martensitic transformation

The nucleation of martensite in alloys is hindered by a free energy nucleation barrier, hence comprising contributions of the potential energy and the entropy. The leading effect is commonly attributed to the potential energy barrier due to strain fields. In this contribution, we investigate the nature of the entropic barrier by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We study a transformation process of an undercooled single crystal and examine two nucleation events observed under adiabatic conditions using vibrational mode analysis of the atomic trajectories. Our analysis shows that martensitic nucleations are indicated by transit from a state of uncorrelated into a state of correlated atomic motions. This correlation process is built up locally by a small group of atoms even before the product lattice can be recognized morphologically and it produces vibrational ‘soft’ modes along transformation paths. Phase space analyses unveil that the correlation process is characterized by narrow domains – ‘nucleation channels’ – the atomic trajectories have to pass, connecting the phase space domains of the parent and the product lattice. For a successful nucleation event, the nucleus atoms have to pass this channel collectively, which stochastically represents a rare event. Thermal fluctuations prevent finding the channel at elevated temperature and give rise for entropic stabilization of the parent phase. This ‘entropic nucleation barrier’ is reduced in the undercooled state but still effective, thus preventing the parent phase from collapsing into the product. The entropic barrier may be interpreted as the probability of a group of atoms to simultaneously pass the nucleation channel. Such group then represents a nucleus.     

XPS study of Cr segregation in a martensitic stainless steel

Cr martensitic steels are promising materials for structural applications in future nuclear fusion reactors. Because the embrittlement after tempering treatments can be a serious problem, the fracture mode of a steel with 10.5 wt% of Cr treated at 700°C for 18 h has been investigated through Charpy tests in the temperature range from −100°C to +150°C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses carried out on the fracture surfaces evidenced the segregation of Cr in both ductile and brittle (quasicleavage) fields. The unexpected result indicates that Cr segregation weakens the atomic bonds; thus, the fracture path in both the cases corresponds to the zones with higher Cr content.     

马氏体相变界面的孤立子特性

运用Peyrard的一维非线性原子链的孤立子模型,讨论了马氏体相界面的运动.在Sine-Gorden势场下,导出相界面宽度,并求得相界面能量,得出其能量随着界面迁动速率增大而增大,从而表明了相变驱动力大的马氏体生长得快.进一步计算出界面的动量及有效质量.最后讨论了界面在外力及阻尼情况下的运动,得出界面的一般运动方程.     

晶粒尺寸对Pr0.5(Ca0.47Ba0.03)MnO3中台阶效应的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同颗粒尺寸的Pr0.5(Ca0.47Ba0.03)MnO3多晶样品.对样品进行电阻测量发现,随颗粒边界的减小,其电阻率随磁场的变化即ρ(H)曲线上台阶数目和位置发生变化;实验同时发现,热循环对样品低温下的基态也有很大的影响.实验结果表明,颗粒尺寸大小,可以有效地调节反铁磁相(AFM)和铁磁相(FM)之间的相互作用,从而对台阶效应产生影响.进一步证明了台阶效应与相应力有关.     

CuZnAl形状记忆合金时效过程研究

铜基形状记忆合金的时效是影响其应用的关键之一。对ＣｕＺｎＡｌ形状记忆合金 时效过程的研究表明：在 ２９３～３７３Ｋ温度范围内时效，随时效温度的提高．马氏体 相向母相转变的温度变化值减小．时效作用减弱；母相保温可使相变点稳定；造成 ＣｕＺｎＡｌ形状记忆合金时效的一个重要原因是淬火过饱和空位的偏聚。     

Landau theory of martensitic transformation in Fe-Mn-Si based alloys

Considering the features of martensitic transformation in Fe-Mn-Si based alloys, the Landau theory is established by introducing the density of stacking faults as a new order parameter ηand the corresponding free energy function. By using such an order parameter, the stacking fault mechanism of the nucleation and growth for the γ(fcc)→ε(hcp) martensitic transformation can be reasonably explained, and a further detailed mechanism is proposed. The stacking faults are generated and overlapped in an irregular form at the beginning and then becoming regular to create some transition structures till a stable phase forms at a certain temperature. The importance of the interface soliton is to complete the transformations into various structures of martensite but not the twinned one. The thermodynamics of fcc→hcp transformation and those between different transition structures are described by the free energy function established in the present note.     

NiTi形状记忆合金的性能测试

研究了Φ0.5mm、Φ0.2mm的NiTi记忆合金丝的制备工艺,并对其进行了力学—热学性能的测试,得到了应力、应变、温度和相变相互之间的函数关系曲线,为NiTi记忆合金丝在自适应结构中的应用奠定了基础。