Hyperparameter on-line learning of stochastic resonance based threshold networks

Aiming at training the feed-forward threshold neural network consisting of nondifferentiable activation functions, the approach of noise injection forms a stochastic resonance based threshold network that can be optimized by various gradient-based optimizers. The introduction of injected noise extends the noise level into the parameter space of the designed threshold network, but leads to a highly non-convex optimization landscape of the loss function. Thus, the hyperparameter on-line learning procedure with respective to network weights and noise levels becomes of challenge. It is shown that the Adam optimizer, as an adaptive variant of stochastic gradient descent, manifests its superior learning ability in training the stochastic resonance based threshold network effectively. Experimental results demonstrate the significant improvement of performance of the designed threshold network trained by the Adam optimizer for function approximation and image classification.     

考虑多种损坏构成特征的沥青路面预防性养护决策方法

由于沥青路面损坏构成的多样性, 相同的路面状况指数(pavement condition index, PCI)可能代表不同的损坏组合. 当多种损坏并存且损坏程度接近时, 用PCI和主导损坏(最严重、扣分最多的路面损坏)难以得到具有针对性的养护对策. 因此, 通过对PCI的深入分析, 明确了主导损坏代表性不足的路段, 以现行预防性养护决策方法为基础, 补充了一种考虑损坏构成特征、更具针对性的决策方法. 以上海城市道路近5年的检测、养护数据为分析基础, 首先利用有序聚类算法将路段按PCI水平分组, 分析了不同阶段路面损坏构成和差异水平; 然后, 针对多种损坏并存且损坏差异不显著的路段, 根据预防性养护的实施效果筛选了能够反映正确预防性养护经验的有效养护路段; 最后, 基于有效养护路段建立并对比分析了2个基于BP(back propagation)神经网络的养护决策模型. 结果表明: 当PCI水平介于优良(84.4~93.0分)时, 不同损坏程度接近, 主导损坏代表性不足; 考虑多种损坏构成特征的BP神经网络模型表现出更高的决策精度, 测试集决策正确率达86.20%, 优于仅考虑主导损坏的模型(58.50%). BP神经网络与传统决策树法结合能够优化沥青路面决策过程, 提高养护对策选取的针对性.     

Pattern transition and regulation in a subthalamopallidal network under electromagnetic effect

Although the significant roles of magnetic induction and electromagnetic radiation in the neural system have been widely studied, their influence on Parkinson's disease (PD) has yet to be well explored. By virtue of the magnetic flux variable, this paper studies the transition of firing patterns induced by magnetic induction and the regulation effect of external magnetic radiation on the firing activities of the subthalamopallidal network in basal ganglia. We find: (i) The network reproduces five typical waveforms corresponding to the severity of symptoms: weak cluster, episodic, continuous cluster, episodic, and continuous wave. (ii) Magnetic induction is a double-edged sword for the treatment of PD. Although the increase of magnetic coefficient may lead the physiological firing activity to transfer to pathological firing activity, it also can regulate the pathological intensity firing activity with excessive β-band power transferring to the physiological firing pattern with weak β-band power. (iii) External magnetic radiation could inhibit continuous tremulous firing and β-band power of subthalamic nucleus (STN), which means the severity of symptoms weakened. Especially, the bi-parameter plane of the regulation region shows that a short pulse period of magnetic radiation and a medium level of pulse percentage can well regulate pathological oscillation. This work helps to understand the firing activity of the subthalamopallidal network under electromagnetic effect. It may also provide insights into the mechanisms behind the electromagnetic therapy of PD-related firing activity.     

SQL注入攻击与防范实验的设计与实现

介绍了SQL注入的原理、攻击和防范技术,并通过设计具体实验方案演示了SQL注入攻击与防范的全过程及细节。通过搭建存在SQL注入漏洞的Web网站并对其进行SQL注入攻击,观察被攻击的效果,进行漏洞修复。对漏洞修复后的系统进行攻击,并对比修复漏洞前后的现象,以此得出SQL注入漏洞的原理、产生原因、对应攻击原理及如何防范漏洞,加深对SQL注入的理解。     

民族高校工商管理专业实践教学体系创新研究

围绕工商管理专业培养具有较强实践能力和高素质管理人才的目标,分析当前实践教学中的误区,通过构建全社会参与的工商管理专业人才实践教学社会网络,建立贯穿大学四年学习全周期的五大实践教学培养体系,对工商管理专业学生进行基础素养实践能力和专业素养实践能力培养,探索工商管理专业人才实践能力培养模式和体系。     

A unified theory for brittle and ductile shear mode fracture

A unified theory captures both brittle and ductile fracture. The fracture toughness is proportional to the applied stress squared and the length of the crack. For purely brittle solids, this criterion is equivalent to Griffith's theory. In other cases, it provides a theoretical basis for the Irwin-Orowan formula. For purely ductile solids, the theory makes direct contact with the Bilby-Cottrell-Swinden model. The toughness is highest in ductile materials because the shielding dislocations in the plastic zone provide additional resistance to crack growth. This resistance is the force opposing dislocation motion, and the Peach-Koehler force overcomes it. A dislocation-free zone separates the plastic zone from and the tip of the crack. The dislocation-free zone is finite because molecular forces responsible for the cohesion of the surfaces near the crack tip are not negligible. At the point of crack growth, the length of the dislocation-free zone is constant and the shielding dislocations advance in concert. As in Griffith's theory, the crack is in unstable equilibrium. The theory shows that a dimensionless variable controls the elastoplastic behaviour. A relationship for the size of the dislocation-free zone is derived in terms of the macroscopic and microscopic parameters that govern the fracture.     

多纤芯弹性光网络中虚拟网络映射模型及算法

为解决多纤芯弹性光网络虚拟化中的虚拟结点映射、链路映射和频谱分配问题,首先建立了一个以最小化占用的频谱数及最小化最大占用频隙号为目标的全局约束优化模型.其次,设计了具有高效的交叉、变异及不可行解可行化算子的全局优化遗传算法,以有效求解该模型得到最优的虚拟节点、链路映射方案.最后,为验证算法的有效性进行了不同的仿真实验.结果表明,所设计的算法能够有效地减小网络中占用的频谱数和最大占用频隙号.     

基于热中子探测评价裂缝的示踪剂特性研究

针对裂缝热中子示踪探测方法,从中子双组扩散理论入手结合蒙特卡洛数值模拟方法,分析压裂前后地层热中子分布影响因素,并模拟不同类型示踪剂及含量的热中子裂缝响应规律,筛选最佳示踪剂并给出其在支撑剂中含量的上、下限。结果表明:压裂前后热中子计数变化量主要受裂缝宽度和标记支撑剂中示踪剂含量的影响;钆对裂缝宽度变化反应最灵敏,钆元素是作为标记支撑剂的最佳示踪元素;随支撑剂中Gd 2O 3含量的增加,热中子计数率降低,热中子计数变化量D增加;示踪剂中氧化钆的上、下限值随裂缝宽度呈指数降低,且当裂缝宽度为1.0 cm时,Gd 2O 3的质量分数上限为0.68%,下限为0.03%。     

基于串联两阶段网络DEA模型的供应链规模收益分析

数据包络分析(DEA)是评价供应链系统(Supply chain system)间相对有效性的一种重要的工具,但是传统的DEA不考虑供应链的内部结构,对系统效率评价偏高;而本文所研究两阶段串联供应链系统,考虑把部分中间产品作为最终产品输出,增加额外中间投入的情形.基于所提出的供应链系统结构,本文建立相应的串联结构下的网络DEA模型,并针对所建立模型进行相关理论的研究,给出了串联结构下的生产可能集和规模收益情况判定方法.最后,进行数值实验,以验证我们提出的结论.     

A model for crack formation during active solid pyrolysis of a char-forming solid: crack patterns; surface area generation; volatile mass efflux

A model is developed for the formation and propagation of cracks in a material sample that is heated at its top surface, pyrolyses, and then thermally degrades to form char. In this work the sample is heated uniformly over its entire top surface by a hypothetical flame (a heat source). The pyrolysis mechanism is described by a one-step overall reaction that is dependent nonlinearly on the temperature (Arrhenius form). Stresses develop in response to the thermal degradation of the material by means of a shrinkage strain caused by local mass loss during pyrolysis. When the principal stress exceeds a prescribed threshold value, the material forms a local crack. Cracks are found to generally originate at the surface in response to heating, but occasionally they form in the bulk, away from ever-changing material boundaries. The resulting cracks evolve and form patterns whose characteristics are described. Quantities examined in detail are: the crack spacing in the pyrolysis zone; the crack length evolution; the formation and nature of crack loops which are defined as individual cracks that have joined to form loops that are disconnected from the remaining material; the formation of enhanced pyrolysis area; and the impact of all of the former quantities on mass flux. It is determined that the mass flux from the sample can be greatly enhanced over its nominal (non-cracking) counterpart. The mass efflux profile qualitatively resembles those observed in Cone Calorimeter tests.