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1.
Formation of porous polymer morphology by microsyneresis during divinylbenzene polymerization
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Libuše Hanková Ladislav Holub Karel Jeřábek 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2015,53(11):774-781
This article describes the investigation of the importance of various reaction conditions on microsyneretic pore formation during polymerization of divinylbenzene (DVB) under so‐called “solvothermal” conditions. To induce microsyneretic pore formation, the most important parameter is an unusually high dilution of monomers with a “good” porogen solvating the polymer chains. High dilution and solvation of the growing poly(DVB) chains promote the prolongation of the polymer chains rather than their interconnection by crosslinking. Consequently, when the polymer gel density reaches the point where syneresis starts, the polymer network is geometrically too extensive to be broken up into precipitating entities and, instead, porogen droplets are formed within the continuous polymer gel. The pore geometry created by microsyneresis offers high surface area in wide mesopores and hence, high capacity for supporting functional groups or reactions with much better accessibility than narrow pores between polymer microspheres produced by macrosyneresis in conventional styrenic polymer supports. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015 , 53, 774–781 相似文献
2.
Thomas Wittmann Dr. Renée Siegel Nele Reimer Dr. Wolfgang Milius Prof. Dr. Norbert Stock Prof. Dr. Jürgen Senker 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(1):314-323
The resistance of metal–organic frameworks towards water is a very critical issue concerning their practical use. Recently, it was shown for microporous MOFs that the water stability could be increased by introducing hydrophobic pendant groups. Here, we demonstrate a remarkable stabilisation of the mesoporous MOF Al‐MIL‐101‐NH2 by postsynthetic modification with phenyl isocyanate. In this process 86 % of the amino groups were converted into phenylurea units. As a consequence, the long‐term stability of Al‐MIL‐101‐URPh in liquid water could be extended beyond a week. In water saturated atmospheres Al‐MIL‐101‐URPh decomposed at least 12‐times slower than the unfunctionalised analogue. To study the underlying processes both materials were characterised by Ar, N2 and H2O sorption measurements, powder X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric and chemical analysis as well as solid‐state NMR and IR spectroscopy. Postsynthetic modification decreased the BET equivalent surface area from 3363 to 1555 m2 g?1 for Al‐MIL‐101‐URPh and reduced the mean diameters of the mesopores by 0.6 nm without degrading the structure significantly and reducing thermal stability. In spite of similar water uptake capacities, the relative humidity‐dependent uptake of Al‐MIL‐101‐URPh is slowed and occurs at higher relative humidity values. In combination with 1H‐27Al D ‐HMQC NMR spectroscopy experiments this favours a shielding mechanism of the Al clusters by the pendant phenyl groups and rules out pore blocking. 相似文献
3.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) was used to investigate the extrusion behaviour of PTFE pastes in a ram extruder. By means
of 1H-NMR imaging (MRI) it is possible to determine the local proton density and therefore, the local fluid concentration. The
19F-MRI provides the local solid concentration. Thus the local saturation and the local porosity can be calculated with the
information of the local fluid and solid concentration. Furthermore displacement profiles can be derived from NMR images by
means of correlation techniques without any preparation or marking of the pastes.
Received: 8 May 2000 Accepted: 1 May 2001 相似文献
4.
1引言大粘度(大r)和大系数(ss和sc)法是处理流动区域中障碍物的常用方法山。但当流动区域中障碍物数量较多时,宜采用空隙率来模拟障碍物,如模拟反应堆流动传热的商用程序COMMIX[’]。我们根据空隙率模拟的基本概念,针对采用交错网格的压力校正法,自行编制了多障碍物流动传热三维计算的全部源程序代码,应用于某核反应堆钠池流动传热的数值模拟,获得了比较合理的结果。2数学模型和数值方法2.1控制方程空隙率修整的质量、动量、能量及湍流动能与耗散率的守恒方程通式的三维柱坐标形式为其中中一1,。,。,。,T,k,。分别表… 相似文献
5.
The paper deals with the stress, displacement, pore and fissure pressures fields induced by the drilling and/or the pressurization of a vertical borehole in a formation of water-saturated porous media with double porosity. The solution includes the boundary condition of non-hydrostatic in situ state of stress. The solid skeleton is assumed to behave as a linearly poroelastic material with compressible constituents. The analytical solution is derived in Laplace’s space and transformed to the time domain using a numerical inversion technique. The histories of pore and fissure pressures are illustrated to show the influence of permeabilities of the pore and fissure systems. 相似文献
6.
RupingZou AibingYu 《中国颗粒学报》2003,1(1):27-32
The initial forming of fiber blend to high green density, i.e. the packing of fibrous particles, is important to the reinforcement of composite materials. It is very useful to develop a general predictive method for the optimum selection of particle mixtures for the property control of ceramic or composite products. This paper presents such a mathematical model developed on the basis of the similarity analysis between the spherical and non-spherical particle packings and assesses its applicability to the packing of fibrous particles with discrete and/or continuous length distributions. The results indicate that the model can predict this packing system well and hence provide an effective way to solve various packing problems in the composite materials processing. 相似文献
7.
杨如禧 《东华大学学报(自然科学版)》1988,(4)
本文全面地阐明了一种纺织材料压缩弹性仪的研制及其应用,并系统介绍五种测试纤维及其制品的功能与特性的计算方法。仪器的研制,为研究材料的压缩性能提供了有力的工具。 相似文献
8.
Boena N. Kolarz Maria Wojaczyska Jan Kaczmarczyk Teresa Siemieniewska Kazimierz Tomkw 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1994,32(12):1977-1990
Sulfonic cation exchangers with two ion exchange group concentrations (0.5 and 2.4 mmol/g, samples A and B, respectively) were obtained by sulfonation of a porous styrene (S) and divinylbenzene (DVB) copolymer with chlorosulfonic acid. Strong thermal decomposition of the sulfonated copolymer A, accompanied by significant changes in its porous structure, starts at ca. 400°C. The char has no sulfonic groups. After heat treatment at 400°C in steam, a sorbent was obtained (yield 65%) that shows higher phenol sorption than the untreated sample when related to the bed volume. The chlorosulfonic derivatives of the initial copolymer were less thermally resistant than the sulfonic ones obtained by hydrolysis. Pyrolysis of the cation exchanger B, in its H+ and Ca2+ forms, was carried out at 900°C (yield of both chars close to 30%). By subsequent steam activation at 800°C to a 50% burn-off of the char, sorbents with well-developed, but distinctly different, porous structures were obtained. The activated char from the sulfonated copolymer in its hydrogen form was highly microporous and indicated an effective surface area of 1180 m2/g. However, because of a low contribution of mesopores, its ability to adsorb phenol from the liquid phase was not very high. The activated char from the calcium-doped copolymer, indicating a smaller surface area (580 m2/g) but characterized by a well-developed mesoporosity, was a better sorbent for phenol. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
9.
Synthesis of Bioactive and Porous Organic-Inorganic Hybrids for Biomedical Applications 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Kanji Tsuru Satoshi Hayakawa Akiyoshi Osaka 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2004,32(1-3):201-205
Bioactivity has been exhibited by a limited range of ceramics since the invention of Bioglass®. Recently, some bioactive polymeric organic-inorganic hybrids were introduced, including not only organically modified silicates (Ormosils) synthesized from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and tetraethoxysilane but also those with gelatin and 3-glycidoxypropyl-tremethoxysilane. Preparation of the bulk and porous hybrids and their polymeric structures analyzed by Si NMR spectroscopy were presented. In vitro bioactivity or apatite deposition in a simulated body fluid of the Kokubo recipe were also described for those hybrids. Freeze-drying techniques introduced porosity (up to 90%) and pores extending in a preferred direction. 相似文献
10.
王海舟 《中国科学B辑(英文版)》2003,46(2)
The property of the material is closely related to its chemical compositions and microstruc-tures, which are the important parameters in the judgement of the quality of the material. The conventional chemical composition content of the material is an average value of the chemical composition of the whole material tested or the content of a fix position. Although it is still neces-sary to further improve these conventional methods, there are mature and systematic methods for analyzing the conve… 相似文献