复合跟踪微分器在电容式位移传感器中的应用

针对从含噪原始信号中提取位置以及速度信息,经典跟踪微分器存在不能很好兼顾相位滞后和噪声放大问题、参数多,调试复杂等不足.在跟踪微分器等效线性分析基础上,提出复合形式跟踪微分器,用于电容式位移传感器位置信号跟踪以及速度信号估计,通过MATLAB\SIMULINK仿真以及实验平台测试,结果表明:在跟踪频率1 Hz、幅值1含噪声正弦信号中,复合跟踪微分器能光滑逼近原始位置信号,且能有效进行速度估计,相较于经典跟踪微分器,复合跟踪微分器跟踪相位滞后小0.03 rad,能更好兼顾跟踪信号相位滞后及速度信号噪声放大.     

多级孔板提高井筒气体携液能力实验研究

气井生产时，井底积液会影响气井产量，甚至导致气井停产。加入泡沫剂、更换小直径油管或氮气举升等措施排出井底积液是保证气井生产的重要手段，但造成液体回流的井筒结构并没有变化。改变适合于单相流体的均一井筒结构，降低气液两相流中液体在井筒的回流，提高气体携液能力，形成适用于气液两相流的井筒结构，可以改善气井生产。实验设计了安装于管筒内的类似于倒置漏斗形的多级孔板装置，以井底气体为动能，借助“爬楼梯”原理，利用孔板减少或阻止液体回流，使液体通过多级孔板逐级上升；实验利用气体压缩机提供气源，测试了不同气体流速下，加入孔板对于气体和泡沫携液能力的影响。实验表明，在管筒内加入液体回流限制装置，大幅度地提高了管筒的气体携液能力和排液效果，减少了管筒液体回流量，降低了气体排液和泡沫排液的气体流速临界值。多级孔板可用于气井增产，能够提高气体携液能力，提高泡沫携液效果，降低泡沫剂的使用量和井底残液，但在实际生产中气体流量和装置的匹配性，还有待于在现场试验中进一步验证和优化。     

基于Sinc插值与相关谱的纵横波速度比扫描方法

在多分量地震技术中，准确地求取出纵、横波速比（γ）是多分量资料处理、反演、解释各环节中的一个重要步骤。由于地下同一层位具有相同的波阻抗比，因此该层位的反射纵波和反射转换波相互关联，纵横波速比与时间比存在相互转化关系。基于Sinc插值算法与相关系数谱分析的纵横波速比扫描方法是通过设置一系列γ，利用Sinc插值算法将纵波拉伸后与转换波进行互相关，当互相关系数达到最大时即可求出相应的γ。理论数据和实际资料的测试，验证了该方法的有效性、准确性和实用性。     

A Layer-Stripping Method for 3D Near-Surface Velocity Model Building Using Seismic First-Arrival Times

In order to improve the efficiency of 3D near-surface velocity model building, we develop a layer-stripping method using seismic first-arrival times. The velocity model within a Common Mid-Point (CMP) ...     

Rocky coast processes: with special reference to the recession of soft rock cliffs

Substantial progress in research on the recession of coastal cliffs composed of soft materials has been made in recent years and data with higher accuracy have been accumulated. This paper provides the state of the art review in the recession studies and highlights two new findings obtained from the reanalysis of existing data. The review topics are: episodic and localized nature of cliff recession; the development of cliffline; the relationship between cliff height and recession rate; mechanisms of cliff toe erosion by waves; a fundamental equation for wave-induced toe erosion; factors controlling toe erosion; and slope instabilities and mass movements. The findings are presented on (1) the temporal change in cliffline recession mode and (2) the effect of beach sediment at the cliff base on the cliff erosion.     

Sobolev Stability of Plane Wave Solutions to the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation

This article explores the questions of long time orbital stability in high order Sobolev norms of plane wave solutions to the NLSE in the defocusing case.     

Zero dissipation limit to rarefaction wave with vacuum for the one-dimensional non-isentropic micropolar equations

The zero dissipation limit of the one-dimensional non-isentropic micropolar equations is studied in this paper. If the given rarefaction wave which connects to vacuum at one side, a sequence of solution to the micropolar equations can be constructed which converge to the above rarefaction wave with vacuum as the viscosity and the heat conduction coefficient tend to zero. Moreover, the uniform convergence rate is obtained. The key point in our analysis is how to control the degeneracies in the vacuum region in the zero dissipation limit process.     

2018年天文学热点回眸

 天文学是一门以观测为基础的学科，其发展主要依靠观测和数据的支持。基于SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System天文物理学数据系统中高被引文章并结合热点新闻报道，回顾了2018年天文学热点的进展和发现，以观测和基础研究、仪器研制及工具开发两大方面论述了2018年天文学研究热点。