Studies on alkaline protease produced by Bacillus sp. NG312

An alkalophilic hyperproducer of alkaline protease, Bacillus sp. NG312, was isolated, and the enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 11.0 and 60°C. The temperature optimum was increased by 10°C in presence of Ca²⁺. The crudeenzyme was found to have half-life of 11 d at 37°C and maximum stability at pH 9.0–10.0. It also exhibited very good stability in presence of detergent components and some locally available commericial detergent powders.     

Determination of the partition coefficients of the nonionic detergent C12E7 between lipid-detergent mixed membranes and water by means of Laurdan fluorescence spectroscopy

The membrane-water partition coefficient of the detergent C₁₂E₇ between water and C₁₂E₇/POPC mixed membranes has been determined by means of steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy. The emission spectra of the fluorescent probe Laurdan were used as an indicator of membrane composition at different membrane concentrations in the sample. The partition coefficient expressed as the ratio of the mole fractions of the detergent in the membrane and water phases is about 6^*10⁵ at low molar ratios of C₁₂E₇/POPC (R _c ) and decreases rapidly with increasingR _c . The limiting detergent content of the lamellar phase (R _c ^* >0.8) is indicated by a minimum ofP(R _c ).     

洗衣粉和胭脂红对泥鳅红细胞核诱变的比较研究

采用急性毒性试验和红细胞微核测试法，研究洗衣粉与胭脂红对泥鳅的急性及遗传毒性的差异，泥鳅在洗衣粉、胭脂红试验液中染毒24h后，采血制片，结果表明三种胭脂红平均LC50。为14170．0mg／L是洗衣粉平均LC50 49．3mg／L的287．4倍；三种胭脂红LC50平均微核率为6．49％。是洗衣粉LC50平均微核率0．67％。的9．7倍，洗衣粉与胭脂红相比较，洗衣粉对泥鳅为高毒级、低诱变剂，胭脂红为低毒级、高诱变剂。     

Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles by Allium cepa L. to produce silver nano‐coated fabric and their antimicrobial evaluation

This research work was proposed to study the antimicrobial activity of the silver nanocoated fabric with the purpose of producing good dressing and clothing material. We synthesized simple, ecofriendly, cost‐effective and sustainable silver nanoparticles by using the aqueous extract of Allium cepa L. Here, A. cepa L. acts as a good reducing and capping agent that produced stable silver nanoparticles having particle size of range 36 ± 1 to 98 ± 2 nm, Poly dispersiblity index 0.234 ± 0.61 to 1.023 ± 0.33 and Zeta potential ‐12 ± 1.5 mV to ‐26 ± 1.2 mV. The effect of temperature and extract volume used was considered for optimization of synthetic procedure. The nanocoated fabric was characterized for morphological study, size (using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and zeta‐potential (Zeta Potentiometer). The presence of functional groups were observed by using attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The crystallinity and structural property of the synthesized silver nanoparticles were studied in terms of Powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD). An IC₅₀ value and zone of inhibition was studied which demonstrate that the silver nanocoated fabric have an excellent antibacterial property against Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. Further nanocoated fabric material was washed (with function of time 0, 10, 25, and 50 laundry cycles) and still retained their anti‐bacterial activity towards both strain. Initially there was 52 μg/ml of silver nanoparticles on the cotton fabric but after 50 laundry cycle in 500 ml of distilled water the fabric showed 92% efficiency against gram positive and 90% efficacy toward gram negative bacteria. It was found that 4.16 μg/ml nano particles leached in case of S. Aureus and 5.2 μg/mL silver nanoparticles leached in case of E. coli. Nanocoated fabric material synthesized using green synthesis was found to be economical with good resistance to washing.     

Refolding of detergent‐denatured lysozyme using β‐cyclodextrin‐assisted ion exchange chromatography

Chromatography‐based protein refolding is widely used. Detergent is increasingly used for protein solubilization from inclusion bodies. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a refolding method for detergent‐denatured/solubilized proteins based on liquid chromatography. In the present work, sarkosyl‐denatured/dithiothreitol‐reduced lysozyme was used as a model, and a refolding method based on ion exchange chromatography, assisted by β‐cyclodextrin, was developed for refolding detergent‐denatured proteins. Many factors affecting the refolding, such as concentration of urea, concentration of β‐cyclodextrin, pH and flow rate of mobile phases, were investigated to optimize the refolding conditions for sarkosyl‐denatured lysozymes. The results showed that the sarkosyl‐denatured lysozyme could be successfully refolded using β‐cyclodextrin‐assisted ion exchange chromatography. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

How preparation and modification parameters affect PB‐PEO polymersome properties in aqueous solution

The effect of formation and modification methods on the physical properties of polymersomes is critical for their use in applications relying on their ability to mimic functional properties of biological membranes. In this study, we compared two formation methods for polymersomes made from polybutadiene‐polyethylene oxide diblock copolymers: detergent‐mediated film rehydration (DFR) and solvent evaporation (SE). DFR‐prepared polymersomes showed a three times higher permeability compared to SE‐prepared polymersomes as revealed by stopped‐flow light scattering. SE‐prepared polymersomes broke down faster to structures <50 nm diameter when processed with extrusion, which was more pronounced at 5 mg mL^?1, compared to 10, 20, and 25 mg mL^?1. Our results indicate that the bilayer of SE‐prepared polymersomes has a lower apparent fluidity. We also investigated the role of n‐octyl‐β‐d ‐glucopyranoside (OG), a detergent typically used for reconstitution of membrane proteins into lipid bilayers. Specifically, we compared dialysis and biobeads for OG removal to investigate the influence of these methods on bilayer conformation and polymer rearrangement following detergent removal. There was no significant difference found between method, temperature, or time within each method. Our findings provide insight on how biocompatible polymersome production affects the physical properties of the resulting polymersomes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016 , 54, 1581–1592     

日粮中性洗涤纤维水平对中国荷斯坦公牛营养物质消化率的影响

选用6头13月龄左右的中国荷斯坦生长公牛,分别饲喂6种NDF水平(NDF的质量含量分别为30.26%,32.49%,34.71%,36.94%,39.16%和41.39%)的日粮,并采用6×6的拉丁方试验设计,考察了日粮NDF水平对生长公牛营养物质消化代谢规律的影响.试验结果表明:在NDF水平为30.26%的日粮组中,生长公牛的干物质(DM)的表观消化率显著高于其他NDF水平组的DM的表观消化率(P＜0.05),在其他各组之间,生长公牛的DM的表观消化率则没有显著差异(P＞0.05);NDF水平为30.26%,32.49%,36.94%的日粮组之间和NDF水平为32.49%,34.71%,36.94%,39.16%,41.39%的日粮组之间,生长公牛的有机物(OM)的表观消化率差异不显著(P＞0.05),而在其他组之间,其OM的表观消化率差异显著(P＜0.05).日粮NDF水平对生长公牛的NDF和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的表观消化率影响较明显(P＜0.05),且随着日粮NDF水平的增加,其表观消化率也随之升高;NDF水平对生长公牛的淀粉的表观消化率的影响则不明显(P＞0.05);氮的沉留效率受日粮中NDF水平的影响,过高和过低的NDF水平都不利于氮的沉积;生长公牛在采食不同NDF水平的日粮时,其能量的表观消化率差异显著(P＜0.05),并且随着日粮NDF水平的增加,其能量的表观消化率明显下降(P＜0.05).     

环境友好助洗剂——4A沸石

介绍了4A沸石的结构、性质及其作为洗涤助剂等方面的应用和国内外发展状况。     

基于洗涤品生产的化工实训课程设计*

为适应地方院校应用型转型发展的要求,结合化工专业特色,设计了基于洗涤品生产的校内化工实训课程。该课程内容丰富、可操作性强。内容涵盖了配方设计、小试实验、生产操作、产品罐装、性能测试、安全教育等环节。课程采用教、学、做、产一体化的教学模式,运行效果显著,可激发学生的学习兴趣,培养学生的科研思维与实践创新能力。     

糖蜜制备环保手洗型餐具洗涤剂的研究

以甘蔗糖蜜为原料，利用糖蜜中的糖类与辛烯基琥珀酸酐反应制备辛烯基琥珀酸糖酯，对其性质进行研究，并以辛烯基琥珀酸糖酯为主要活性成分复配手洗型餐具洗涤剂，对该餐具洗涤剂的性质和去污力进行研究. 结果表明，实验制备的辛烯基琥珀酸糖酯稳定性良好，具有较好的起泡性和起泡稳定性. 以辛烯基琥珀酸糖酯为主要成分制备的手洗型餐具洗涤剂具有适宜的黏度，良好的起泡性和去污力，符合国标中餐具洗涤剂的要求.