青海湖旅游区生命周期问题探讨

本文立足青海实际，在分析影响青海湖旅游区生命周期的诸因素基础上，提出了延长该区旅游生命周期的具体措施。     

Radiochemical proton activation analysis for the determination of cadmium and lead in sediment reference materials

Proton activation analysis was used for the determination of cadmium and lead in three sediment reference materials. The method is based on the^111,112Cd(p, xn)¹¹¹ In and the^206,207,208Pb(p, xn)²⁰⁶Bi reactions.¹¹¹In and²⁰⁶Bi were chemically separated by anion exchange. The results obtained were taken into account for the certification of the materials and are in the excellent agreement with the certified values.     

High precision topographic data on Lop Nor basin's Lake "Great Ear" ? and the timing of its becoming a dry salt lake

High precision elevation measurements using DGPS were carried out along three representative tran- sects for the "Great Ear" area, a dry salt lake within the Lop Nor basin. Results indicate that the Lop Nor basin is only 5.2 m deep and its lowest point occurs at the center of the "Great Ear". In addition, the basin is asymmetric - steeper in the southwest (0.19‰) and gentler in the northeast (0.09‰). Points along the same "Great Ear" ring were found to have an identical elevation value, but different when from different ones (lower towards the center). The spacing of the "Great Ear" rings was found to be closely related with the surface steepness. The closer the "Great Ear" rings are spaced, the steeper the ground surface, and vice versa. These findings support the argument that the "Great Ear" rings are the former shoreline trails left behind by Lop Nor water during the last few episodes of recession towards its total dry up. A comprehensive analysis of the high precision elevation data, historical accounts, aerial and satellite photographs and imagery, and official topographic maps of the study area suggests that the "Great Ear" area in the Lop Nor basin was incorrectly mapped as being covered by a great body of water on the 1963 topographic maps. A re-interpretation of the 1958 aerial photographs and newer remote sensing imagery indicated that the "Great Ear" ring structure was already in place in 1958 and it continued to appear on the subsequent remote sensing data without any major changes. It is estimated that lake water in the "Great Ear" area of the Lop Nor basin disappeared between the late 1930s and early 1940s.     

养殖池塘沉积物的重金属分布及污染特征

浙江省淅西北地区淡水养殖池塘沉积物重金属调查研究表明，养殖池塘沉积物中7种重金属元素分布不均衡，差异也较大，除Hg和Cr元素外，其余重金属元素已大大超过土壤本底值．虽然其实测含量都未超出国家规定的标准值范围，但沉积物中重金属元素对养殖水环境、养殖品种存在的潜在污染与危害值得关注．污染指数评价显示，养殖池塘沉积物中主要污染物质为Cu和Cr，而Hg、Pb污染程度相对较轻．     

Determination of tributyltin oxide in coastal marine sediments and mussels by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

We have devised a new method for bis(tributyltin)oxide (TBTO) determination in marine sediments and mussels. This technique involves an n-hexane/methylene chloride mixture extraction and extract purification with a sodium hydroxide wash in order to eliminate interfering compounds. TBTO is then extracted again by nitric acid and converted into an inorganic tin species; the analysis has been effected using Zeeman graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The method detection limit for the matrices examined is 0.004 μg TBTO g^?1 (wet weight) and is sufficient for the analysis in real samples. The percentage recovery of TBTO from sediments and mussels samples is higher than 85% and 95% respectively. This method has been applied to TBTO level determination in sediments and mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) sampled in the harbour area in Taranto, where mussel culture activities are much developed; the TBTO levels obtained in sediments and mussels were in the range 15-47 ng g^?1 (wet weight) and 11-30 ng g^?1 (wet weight) respectively. Such values are comparable with those found in other harbour areas in the Mediterranean Sea.     

Assessment of the quality of reedbeds using holomicroscopic moiré

Holographic interferometry is proposed to detect the change in the mechanical responses of reed stems growing in eutrophic, as compared with those in healthy, water bodies. The detection of the difference in behaviour could be a sensitive way to index the degree of eutrophication. An interferometric method based on holomicroscopic moiré is developed and preliminary results obtained are presented.     

杨庄煤矿塌陷湖水资源勘查计算

通过对塌陷湖的实地勘查,运用水均衡原理,计算出该湖可供开采的水资源,认为该塌陷湖可作为淮北市供水后备水源地之一。     

Digests or extracts?—Some interesting but conflicting results for three widely differing polluted sediment samples

Three sets of samples have been investigated in some detail. One set is from a river polluted by mine workings, containing substantial levels of Fe, Mn,Cu, Zn and Ni with traces of many other metals. The second set consists of typical estuarine sediments contaminated from a wide range of industrial sources, and the third set consists of oily drilling cuttings from the sea bottom in the vicinity of a North Sea oil production platform.These samples have been subjected to treatment 1) with EDTA at two different pH's (extracts) 2) with HNO₃/H₂O₂ 3) with HNO₃/HCl and 4) with HNO₃/HCl/HF (digests). EDTA recoveries, compared toaqua regia digests, are often very reproducible, not dependent on pH, and usually significantly low. Nitric/peroxide andaqua regia digests often give very close results suggesting that these are meaningful values indicating the maximum levels of polluting metals in the sediments. However, the triple acid digest with HF does sometimes give higher values (and reasonable agreement for CRM's such as MESS-1) but with poorer reproducibility.     

Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric characterization of isomeric alkylthiophenes (C20) and their occurrence in deep sea sediments

Six isomeric C₂₀ alkylthiophenes were synthesized in order to prove the occurrence of such compounds in various deep sea sediments. As expected from the analogy with the corresponding saturated hydrocarbons, 2- and 3-heptadecylthiophene have considerably longer relative retention times than the isomeric isoprenoid compounds, i.e. 2- and 3-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)thiophene and 3- and 4-methyl-2-(3,7,11-trimethyldodecyl)thiophene. Covats retention indices for all compounds were determined by isothermal analysis at 190°C on two different silicone-coated capillary columns. The mass spectra of the monoalkylated thiophenes show a base peak at m/z 98 corresponding to a Mcafferty rearrangement product in the case of the 3-substituted isomers, whereas a simple benzylic cleavage dominates in the mass spectra of 2-alkylthiophenes. 4-Methyl-2-(3,7,11-trimethylodecy)thiophene is an exception from this simple rule because also shows the McLafferty rearrangement as dominant fragmentation. Two of the isoprenoid thiophenes are prominent compounds in various deep sea sediments.     

巢湖主要入湖河道磷的污染现状

为了解巢湖主要入湖河道中总磷的污染状况,进行了为期三年每月一次的污染调查,十五里河、南淝河、双桥河,污染较重,超出了(GH281-1999)《地表水环境质量标准》的V娄标准。污染主要来自工业废水、生活污水、和农业面源。认为只有开展农业面源污染治理,城市环境综合整治,城市环境综合整治,加强和削减农业化肥的使用量,使得入湖河道水质变好,巢湖的富营养化才能得到控制。