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1.
Wacker oxidation is an industry-adopted process to transform olefins into value-added epoxides and carbonyls. However, traditional Wacker oxidation involves the use of homogeneous palladium and copper catalysts for the olefin addition and reductive elimination. Here, we demonstrated an ultrahigh loading Cu single atom catalyst(14% Cu, mass fraction) for the palladium-free Wacker oxidation of 4-vinylanisole into the corresponding ketone with N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride as an additive under mild conditions. Mechanistic studies by 18O and deuterium isotope labelling revealed a hydrogen shift mechanism in this palladium-free process using N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride as the oxygen source. The reaction scope can be further extended to Kucherov oxidation. Our study paves the way to replace noble metal catalysts in the traditional homogeneous processes with single atom catalysts. 相似文献
2.
为探究径向井排系统对裂缝的影响,明确水力裂缝的扩展规律,利用扩展有限元理论建立了流固耦合三维裂缝扩展模型,模拟了受径向井排引导的水力裂缝扩展过程。重点分析了3种影响因素(径向井排方位角、水平地应力差、径向井孔径)对水力裂缝的引导机理。首次提出了"引导因子"的概念,并将其作为有效评价径向井排引导效果的量化参数。研究发现,径向井方位角、水平地应力差、径向井井径会对水力裂缝的引导效果产生影响:较小的径向井方位角、水平地应力差以及较大的井径都使径向井排具有较强的引导能力和较好的引导效果,反之亦然。同时,较大井径对增加水力裂缝宽度有明显作用。最后,利用大尺寸真三轴水力压裂模拟试验证实了数值模拟结果具有一定的准确性。 相似文献
3.
提出了基于B/S模式的水利水电工程造价管理系统,对B/S的体系结构、系统的总体结构设计、功能及功能设计进行了阐述,并说明了系统实现的关键技术. 相似文献
4.
5.
水轮机水力稳定性的分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据收集国内外水轮机水力稳定性资料 ,分析了引起水轮机水力不稳定性的因素 ,并结合实例分析可能引起的危害 ,最后提出了解决问题的方法和建议 相似文献
6.
This paper presents an enhanced version of the elasto-plastic model for partially saturated soil first proposed by Bolzon,
Schrefler and Zienkiewicz in 1996, “BSZ” model, which uses the effective stress tensor and suction as independent stress variables.
It is recalled that the effective stress tensor proposed by Lewis and Schrefler in 1982 is thermodynamically consistent and,
compared with other choices of stress tensors, results particularly suitable for partially saturated soil mechanics. A hydraulic
constitutive relationship and a hydraulic hysteresis are introduced in the model, to take into account the irreversible deformation
during cyclic drying and wetting until structural collapse. For this reason the plastic rate of strain is split into the sum
of two components: one depending on the effective stress tensor and the other one on suction. This is the new feature of the
BSZ model. This enhanced model is then cast into a thermodynamical framework at macroscopic level and it is shown that it
is possible to derive the constitutive law from the Helmholtz free energy and a dissipation function, both for associative
and non- associative plasticity. Finally the model predictions have been compared with experimental data for Sion slime, with
particular emphasis on the deviatoric part, and model predictions of hysteretic behaviour have been investigated in case of
a wetting and drying cycle on compacted betonite–kaolin. 相似文献
7.
Kurt Majewski 《Queueing Systems》2005,50(2-3):199-230
We consider multiclass feedforward queueing networks under first in first out and priority service disciplines driven by long-range dependent arrival and service time processes. We show that in critical loading the normalized workload, queue length and sojourn time processes can converge to a multi-dimensional reflected fractional Brownian motion. This weak heavy traffic approximation is deduced from a deterministic pathwise approximation of the network behavior close to constant critical load in terms of the solution of a Skorokhod problem. Since we model the doubly infinite time interval, our results directly cover the stationary case.AMS subject classification: primary 90B15, secondary 60K25, 68M20 相似文献
8.
对HM抗磨液压油组成中各种添加剂的复合效应进行了探讨,并对国产添加剂和进口添加剂进行了对比分析,为抗磨液压油复合添加剂的研制和生产提供了可靠依据。 相似文献
9.
In this paper we describe the design and manufacture of an axial-torsion test specimen, and provide relationships needed when
conducting stress-strain characterization experiments with the specimen. The specimen is a short hollow cylinder of rubber
bonded between two steel mounting rings, in which simultaneous axial and shear strains are produced via independently controlled
axial and twist displacements. We present calculations for the strain-displacement and stress-load relationships, and strain
energy density. These relationships have been established and validated via a combination of analytical and experimental techniques,
and finite element analysis. We have investigated the extent and effects of strain and stress field non-uniformity in the
test specimen. The specimen design is sufficiently simple that a closed-form expression for the strain-displacement relationship
has been successfully developed. 相似文献
10.