高速电主轴热特性仿真与实验研究

对高速电主轴温度场分布随转速的变化规律进行了研究。通过在外壳上布置一定数量的温度传感器,对不同转速下的外壳温度进行实时测量,并将实验结果与ANSYS的模拟结果进行对比,验证了采用在电主轴外壳上布置多个测点测量与仿真相结合的方法来预测电主轴内部温度场分布的可行性;另外还分析了在不同转速下,高速电主轴关键部位的温升,仿真结果表明:主轴在6000~10000 r/min时,温升呈线性增加,在大于10000 r/min后,温升以指数规律增加。     

300 km·h-1电动车组制动参数研究

在我国研制的先锋号电动车组制动系统的基础上 ,借鉴国外高速列车的经验 ,对自行研制 30 0km·h-1高速动车组制动系统的重要参数进行了研究 ,并提出了可供运用的设计值 .通过对先锋号动车组和 30 0km·h-1高速动车组制动参数的比较分析 ,指出先锋号制动系统的模式比较适合于 30 0km·h-1动车组 .     

浅析篮球运动员的快速能力

快速能力是篮球运动员的最基础的竞技能力 ,因此 ,培养训练篮球运动员的快速能力是非常重要的 .快速能力主要包括 :移动速率 ;反应、判断力 ;果断性、合理性 ;攻守转换的速度等 .在训练中 ,应根据球队队员的特点进行 ,做到个性与共性的有机结合 ,使其得到最大限度的提高     

Analysis of saltation characteristics of bed-load transport in flowing water

The study of bed-load transport is of great significance both in theory and in practice. This paper discusses the saltation of bed-load solid grains in flowing water. Experiments and theoretic analysis have been made by means of high-speed photographing and advanced data processing technique with a combined method based on mechanical and statistical theories. It indicates that the saltation is the main form of the bed-load transport under ordinary flowing conditions. In the meantime, taking successive saltation as the model of bed-load transport, systematic analysis has been made with regard to the kinematic properties and mechanism of saltation. The statistical analysis shows that the probability density functions of the relative height and length of saltation are in conformity with Γ-type distribution, while the probability density functions of the relative velocities of saltation are in conformity with the Gaussian distribution. The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China     

垂直低温两相流管底液氮汽泡上升速度的实验研究

本文对垂直低温两相流管底部液氮汽泡的上升速度运用高速摄像机进行了可视化实验研究,对所采集的实时图像进行处理.在Cole和Mendelson汽泡上升速度经验公式的基础上,通过对液氮汽泡的上升速度的分析,提出了圆管管路底部液氮汽泡的上升速度的拟合公式,分析研究其变化规律,为进一步探求圆管内液氮弹状汽泡的生成机理提供依据.     

高速磁浮车-轨耦合系统动态机理与振动响应

对高速磁浮车-轨耦合系统进行动态机理和振动响应研究。首先,对高速磁浮中的各类耦合关系进行建模;其次,分别分析了动态和静态条件下的车-轨耦合作用机理;然后,建立了高速磁浮车-轨耦合动力学有限元模型;最后,对磁浮列车高速通过桥梁时轨道梁、功能件的动力响应和车-轨共振速度进行分析。结果表明：高速运行时车-轨作用频率不同,长时间共振速度下运行时车-轨振动明显增大;若桥梁动力放大系数小于1.2,则基频比最小值为1.16;若桥梁动力放大系数小于1.3,则基频比最小值为1.04。     

基于预先补偿和全状态反馈控制的车-轨耦合振动抑制

以高速磁浮列车为研究对象,探讨了弹性轨道下的车-轨耦合振动问题。建立了能反映实际问题的车-轨耦合最小悬浮单元模型,并进行了开环系统稳定性和耦合振动机理分析。以弥补比例-积分-微分（PID）控制器有效信息利用不足为出发点,设计了基于预先补偿的全状态反馈控制器。通过仿真分析了反馈增益矩阵对系统跟踪性能和振动抑制能力的影响,提出了适当降低对悬浮间隙的要求换取振动抑制能力提升的思路。进一步分析了反馈系数对悬浮系统性能的影响规律,基于此得到了优化的预先补偿和全状态反馈控制框架。最后,通过实验验证了基于预先补偿的全状态反馈控制对抑制车-轨弹性耦合振动的有效性。     

台阶爆破模型试验下破碎岩石抛掷速度规律分析

为了研究台阶爆破破碎岩石抛掷速度的主要影响因素与变化规律,采用量纲分析法确定破碎岩石抛掷速度的主要影响因素,并借助高速摄影系统与台阶爆破模型试验研究不同影响因素下破碎岩石抛掷速度的变化规律.结果表明：破碎岩石抛掷速度的主要影响因素为炸药单耗、最小抵抗线与炸药量的关系(W³/Q)和不耦合系数,抛掷速度对炸药单耗最为敏感,W³/Q与不耦合系数次之;高速摄影图像显示,当爆破作用时间为0.5 ms时,台阶自由面岩石出现位移,当爆破作用时间为2.0 ms时,在爆炸应力波作用下,台阶自由面出现裂缝,破碎岩石的运动形态可分为鼓包运动阶段与抛掷运动阶段,二者之间存在明显的过渡阶段;炸药单耗、W³/Q、不耦合系数与抛掷速度间存在明显的非线性关系,抛掷速度随炸药单耗的增加呈指数函数递增,且存在临界炸药单耗使破碎岩石的抛掷速度出现激增,抛掷速度随W³/Q、不耦合系数的增大呈幂函数递减.     

Solvent-free reactions of fullerenes and N-alkylglycines with and without aldehydes under high-speed vibration milling

The solvent-free reactions of fullerenes and N-alkylglycines with and without aldehydes (RCHO) 2a-e under high-speed vibration milling (HSVM) conditions have been investigated. Fulleropyrrolidines 4a-e (C₆₀(CH₂N(CH₃)CHR), R=H (4a), C₆H₅ (4b), p-NO₂-C₆H₄ (4c), p-CH₃O-C₆H₄ (4d), p-(CH₃)₂N-C₆H₄ (4e)) were obtained in moderate yields from reactions of C₆₀ with aldehydes 2a-e and N-methylglycine (Prato reaction). In all these solvent-free reactions, 4a was found to be formed besides 4b-e, indicating that fullerenes can react with N-substituted glycines in the absence of aldehyde to give fulleropyrrolidines. For this novel reaction, a possible reaction mechanism involving an electron transfer process has been proposed. Intrigued by this observation, the dependence of the yield on the reagent ratio for the reaction of C₆₀ with paraformaldehyde and/or N-methylglycine was examined to search the optimal conditions. The reaction of C₇₀ with paraformaldehyde and/or N-methylglycine under HSVM conditions was also studied and was found to give the positional isomers of [70]fulleropyrrolidines.     

Observation and dydrodynamic analysis of fast-start of yellow catfish (pelteobagrus fulvidraco)

The kinematics and hydrodynamics of the escape response of yellow catfish ( Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ) is investigated.It is observed from digital high-speed camera that all the escape response of yellow catfish is a C-type fast-start, which is characterized by the C-shape of the fish body at the end of the first contraction of the lateral musculature. Based on the analysis of the mass center movement and the performance of the caudal fin, the fast-start process can be divided into two stages: in stage one the fish body rotates rapidly around its mass center and in stage two the fish begins moving straightly. Theoretically, the Weihs' model is employed to obtain the forces, moments and turning angular accelerations acting on the fish during the escape response. The results are in good agreement with the experimental observation. Furthermore, muscle strain at different locations along the body is calculated. At last, the dynamical performance of the escape response is explained.