Towards the Exact Minimization of BDDs—An Elitism-Based Distributed Evolutionary Algorithm

Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) are the state-of-the-art data structure for representation and manipulation of Boolean functions. In general, exact BDD minimization is NP-complete. For BDD-based technology, a small improvement in the number of nodes often simplifies the follow-up problem tremendously. This paper proposes an elitism-based evolutionary algorithm (EBEA) for BDD minimization. It can efficiently find the optimal orderings of variables for all LGSynth91 benchmark circuits with a known minimum size. Moreover, we develop a distributed model of EBEA, DEBEA, which obtains the best-ever variable orders for almost all benchmarks in the LGSynth91. Experimental results show that DEBEA is able to achieve super-linear performance compared to EBEA for some hard benchmarks.     

A New Local Search Algorithm for the Job Shop Scheduling Problem

0　IntroductionThejobshopschedulingproblemwithwhichwearecon cernedconsistsinschedulingasetofjobsonasetofma chinesfortheobjectiveofminimizingthemake span ,i.e .themaximumoftimeneededforfinishingalljobs,whichissubjecttotheconstrainsthateachjobhasafixedprocessingorderthroughthemachinesandeachmachinecanprocessatmostonejobatatime .ThisproblemisNP hardandevenisoneofthehardestcom binationaloptimizationproblems.Itiswellknownthatonlysmallsizeprobleminstancescanbesolvedwithinareasonablecomputa tionalti…     

资源有限网络计划的PRWI启发式优化方法

本文在综合考虑了有资源约束的网络计划结构特征、资源强度、时间约束等方面因素的基础上，提出了一种新的资源优化的启发式优化方法—ＰＲＷＩ方法，并通过分析证明了该方法处理问题的效果较现有的其它方法好。     

汽车滚装码头泊位调度优化模型与算法研究

本文研究滚装码头混合泊位分配和劳动力分配的联合调度优化问题。首先,考虑潮汐时间窗约束、装卸劳动力约束、泊位缆桩分布约束以及泊位不规则布局因素,建立以最小化船舶总服务时间为目标的混合整数规划模型。其次,采用内外嵌套算法设计策略,提出求解该类问题的组合算法。其中,外层是多种群并行进化的遗传算法,生成多种船舶计划顺序,内层为基于规则的启发式算法,用于计算给定计划顺序的目标函数值。然后,基于实际运营数据,生成多组不同规模的算例进行全面数值实验,结果表明所提出的算法可在10分钟内求解包含50艘船、100个泊段的算例。最后,开展基于真实滚装码头运营实例的案例分析,对所提模型和算法在实际码头调度问题中的适用性与高效性进行验证。     

An exact algorithm for the capacitated shortest spanning arborescence

We are given a complete and loop-free digraphG=(V, A), whereV={1,...,n} is the vertex set,A={(i, j) :i, j V} the arc set, andr V is a distinguishedroot vertex. For each arc (i, j) A, letc _ij be the associatedcost, and for each vertexi, letq _i 0 be the associateddemand (withq _r =0). Moreover, a nonnegativebranch capacity, Q, is defined.A Capacitated Shortest Spanning Arborescence rooted at r (CSSA _r ) is a minimum cost partial digraph such that: (i) each vertexj r has exactly one entering arc; (ii) for each vertexj r, a path fromr toj exists; (iii) for each branch leaving vertexr, the total demand of the vertices does not exceed the branch capacity,Q. A variant of theCSSA _r problem (calledD-CSSA _r ) arises when the out-degree of the root vertex is constrained to be equal to a given valueD. These problems are strongly NP-hard, and find practical applications in routing and network design. We describe a new Lagrangian lower bound forCSSA _r andD-CSSA _r problems, strengthened in a cutting plane fashion by iteratively adding violated constraints to the Lagrangian problem. We also present a new lower bound based on projection leading to the solution of min-cost flow problems. The two lower bounds are then combined so as to obtain an overall additive lower bounding procedure. The additive procedure is then imbedded in a branch-and-bound algorithm whose performance is enhanced by means of reduction procedures, dominance criteria, feasibility checks and upper bounding. Computational tests on asymmetric and symmetric instances from the literature, involving up to 200 vertices, are given, showing the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

A new heuristic algorithm solving the linear ordering problem

The linear ordering problem is an NP-hard combinatorial problem with a large number of applications. Contrary to another very popular problem from the same category, the traveling salesman problem, relatively little space in the literature has been devoted to the linear ordering problem so far. This is particularly true for the question of developing good heuristic algorithms solving this problem.In the paper we propose a new heuristic algorithm solving the linear ordering problem. In this algorithm we made use of the sorting through insertion pattern as well as of the operation of permutation reversal. The surprisingly positive effect of the reversal operation, justified in part theoretically and confirmed in computational examples, seems to be the result of a unique property of the problem, called in the paper the symmetry of the linear ordering problem. This property consists in the fact that if a given permutation is an optimal solution of the problem with the criterion function being maximized, then the reversed permutation is a solution of the problem with the same criterion function being minimized.     

异构机群系统中并行任务的分层调度算法

研究在异构机群系统中,使并行任务执行完成时间最短的调度算法．有许多启发式的任务调度算法在同构的分布式计算系统中是很有效的,但在异构机群系统中,由于每个任务在每个处理机上的执行时间不同而失去意义．本文以任务集内任务的拓扑次序为基础,将任务集分层,提出了分层调度算法．它是一个简单而且实用的算法,在某些情况下能达到局部最优,时间复杂度为Ｏ（ｎｍ）,其中ｎ为任务数,ｍ为处理机数．     

高速道路入口匝道控制方法综述

高速道路入口匝道控制，在国外许多大城市已有广泛的应用和研究．其控制方法依据控制范围、复杂程度可归纳为静态控制、单点动态控制、动态协调控制三类．国内在此领域内尚未展开大规模的研究，目前也没有实际应用的案例。本文对几种基本的高速道路入口匝道控制方法及其优缺点进行总结和分析，并对相关研究的发展提出看法．     

人工智能技术在搜索引擎中的应用

介绍了搜索引擎的分类、工作原理,并具体分析了搜索引擎的体系结构,包括信息的搜集系统、索引系统以及查询接口.基于现在人工智能技术的迅速发展,对于在搜索引擎中运用的人工智能技术进行了研究,且着重分析了搜索引擎重要模块Robot的智能化、智能代理技术以及查询接口的智能化,有力地描述了搜索引擎发展的智能化方向与方法,对智能型搜索引擎所面临的挑战以及未来发展进行了展望.     

高速铁路列车运行调整的状态空间模型及算法

列车运行调整的优化属超大规模的组合优化问题，具有因素多、各因素之间关系复杂的特点，很难给出一个简洁、易解的规划模型．基于面向事件的状态空间模型良好的描述能力和具有接近系统自然特性的特点，本文在前人研究的基础上，结合我国高速铁路的特点，建立了行车调整的事件驱动的状态空间模型．针对前人研究中状态转移方程的表达及在冲突确认和疏解上的缺陷，结合算法的求解特点和列车运行的实际可能性，提出了改进方法．特别是冲突确认和疏解的新方法和策略，清除了事件驱动的状态空间模型和与之相应的调整算法在实用时的主要难点之一．仿真表明模型和算法是有效的．