不同头型回转体低速倾斜入水过程流场特性数值模拟

基于有限体积法和VOF多相流模型求解气、水两相流动的RANS方程,结合动网格技术,对回转体低速倾斜入水过程进行数值模拟研究.通过将数值计算结果与试验数据进行比较,验证了数值计算方法的有效性.基于该方法对不同头型回转体低速倾斜入水过程进行分析,得到不同头型条件下回转体入水空泡形态发展规律、回转体运动特性及流体动力特性变化规律.研究结果表明:同一入水深度,入水空泡直径和流场中最小压力值随着回转体头部锥角的增加而增大;不同头型回转体,锥头母线同一位置处压力随着头部锥角的增加而增大;回转体阻力系数与其头部锥角大小直接相关,锥角较大时,阻力系数也较大,速度衰减也较快.      

Friction Effects in Pedestrian Headform Impacts with Engine Hoods

In the pedestrian headform impact test mandated by the European pedestrian safety requirements, the contact friction between the headform and the engine hood affects the headform kinematics and head injury criterion (HIC) to some extent. This study shows that the friction effect is more significant with child headform impact than with adult headform impact and the relative angle between the headform impact direction and the hood surface greatly affects the headform impact sensitivity to the friction coefficient. The sensitivity of the headform kinematics to the friction coefficient is also analyzed. The results show that accurate friction coefficients are needed to improve predictions of pedestrian headform impacts with hoods.