蚂蚁DNA提取方法的研究

针对不同体型的蚂蚁,提出了一套实用的总DNA提取方法.该方法依照虫体大小,分别采用冰冻固定后捣碎和剪刀剪碎两种方法破碎虫体,使材料利用充分,提高了提取效率.探讨了组织匀浆、DNA沉淀及溶解等实验中常见问题.结果表明,采用盐析法提取DNA,较传统的酚-氯仿抽提法简单、高效.     

蚂蚁觅食模型及其行为

提出一个描述蚂蚁觅食行为的计算机模拟模型,并对此模型展示的倍周期分岔行为进行解释,即由于觅食行为中个体之间信息传递和收到信息之后采取行动需要时间而引起的“信息滞后”,这是一种新观点,可以称为“信息滞后打破均衡”。     

昆明松花坝水源保护区云南松林地表蚂蚁多样性

 运用陷阱法调查了昆明市松花坝水源保护区无干扰及干扰云南松林地表蚂蚁群落.无干扰样地蚂蚁群落由3亚科13种组成,亮毛蚁Lasius fuliginosus最常见;干扰样地由4亚科21种组成,细胸蚁2 Leptothorax sp.2和玉米毛蚁Lasius alienus最常见;2个样地的蚂蚁物种丰富度ACE估计值分别为24.76和26.27,样地间多度及物种丰富度估计值没有显著差异;无干扰样地蚂蚁群落物种组成不同于干扰样地,但部分样带与干扰样地接近;亮毛蚁是无干扰样地的指示物种(IndVal=0.9787,P=0.001),邵氏厚结猛蚁Pachycondyla sauteri是干扰样地的指示物种(IndVal=0.6667,P=0.001);地表蚂蚁多样性与植物多样性具有显著相关性.研究显示:云南松林地表蚂蚁多样性能够指示植物多样性;松花坝水源保护区云南松林地表蚂蚁多样性相对较低;干扰已经改变了云南松林的地表蚂蚁群落组成;保护区的建立对当地生物多样性有积极作用,但保护力度仍然不够.     

A hierarchical ant based clustering algorithm and its use in three real-world applications

In this paper is presented a new model for data clustering, which is inspired from the self-assembly behavior of real ants. Real ants can build complex structures by connecting themselves to each others. It is shown is this paper that this behavior can be used to build a hierarchical tree-structured partitioning of the data according to the similarities between those data. Several algorithms have been detailed using this model (called AntTree): deterministic or stochastic algorithms that may use or not global or local thresholds. Those algorithms have been evaluated using artificial and real databases. Our algorithms obtain competitive results when compared to the Kmeans, to ANTCLASS, and to Ascending Hierarchical Clustering. AntTree has been applied to three real world applications: the analysis of human healthy skin, the on-line mining of web sites usage, and the automatic construction of portal sites.     

Magnetic material in head, thorax, and abdomen of Solenopsis substituta ants: a ferromagnetic resonance study

Ferromagnetic resonance temperature dependence is used to study the magnetic material in smashed head, thorax, and abdomen of Solenopsis substituta ants. These three body parts present the five lines previously observed in other social insects. The magnetic material content is slightly higher in heads with antennae than in abdomen with petiole. Isolated nanoparticle diameters were estimated as 12.5 +/- 0.1 and 11.0 +/- 0.2 nm in abdomen with petiole and head with antennae, respectively. The presence of linear chains of these particles or large ellipsoidal particles are suggested. A bulk-like magnetite particle was observed in the thorax. The Curie-Weiss, the structural-electronic and ordering transition temperatures were obtained in good agreement with those proposed for magnetite nanoparticles.     

Mitochondrial and peroxisomal population in post-pharyngeal glands of leaf-cutting ants after lipid supplementation

The post-pharyngeal gland (PPG) occurs in ants and some Sphecidae wasps. Among its several roles is the storage of lipids from food. In order to investigate the effect of lipids on the cell, especially on mitochondria and peroxisomes, the present study was aimed at examining the peroxisomal and mitochondrial population in the PPG of Atta sexdens rubropilosa after lipid supplementation by confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Soybean oil provided as lipid supplement was not toxic for A. sexdens rubropilosa workers for the first 48 h and 120 h. However, the ultrastructural cytochemical analysis revealed an accumulation of lipid droplets in the PPGs of ants after lipid supplementation at 48 h and 120 h, and smaller lipid droplets in the basal membrane of the PPG epithelium, showing lipid mobilization from the PPG to the hemolymph. The lipid supplementation reduces the life expectancy of medium workers, probably due to the high lipid metabolism. Most importantly, the PPGs of medium workers of leaf-cutting A. sexdens rubropilosa is probably a specialized gland in the lipid metabolism, due to the increased mitochondrial and peroxisomal population inside cells after lipid supplementation; participation of peroxisomal population in the β-oxidation of long chain fatty acids into smaller chains and participation of mitochondrial population in the β-oxidation of fatty acids for energy, or mobilization of lipid derivatives from the PPG to hemolymph, a process that requires energy. However, the hypothesis that the PPGs convert lipids from food in aldehydes and/or hydrocarbons must be better investigated.     

实验平台装置边缘影响和蚁群聚集程度研究

为深入研究自组织聚集的微观机制, 采用日本弓背蚁作实验材料, 在二维正方形平面和二维圆形平面实验台上进行蚁群实验, 通过高速摄像机视频跟踪并进行定量统计分析. 实验结果表明, 实验装置边缘对蚂蚁有“吸引”作用, 随着群体规模增加, 装置边缘对蚁群吸引减弱. 通过研究蚂蚁速度, 发现因为装置边缘的吸引, 蚂蚁在边界和非边界运动状态不同. 在边界, 蚂蚁主要状态是“停止”和“低速运动”; 在非边界, 蚂蚁主要状态是“低速运动”. 本文首次提出用层次社会熵定量测量蚁群聚集程度, 发现其随着蚁群群体规模增加呈现先上升后下降趋势, 表明蚁群聚集程度随着蚁群群体规模增加先下降后上升.      

密度对蚁群自组织聚集的影响

在生物及人类社会中,自组织聚集是十分普遍而且重要的集群行为,也是近年来蓬勃发展的交叉领域.为了定量地深入研究自组织聚集的宏观规律,我们用实验方法研究了草地铺道蚁的自组织聚集与其密度之间的关系,采用层次社会熵和样方法的统计手段测量蚂蚁群体的聚集度,以定量度量其自组织聚集程度.精确控制的实验以及基于实验数据的统计分析表明,蚂蚁群体在低密度下呈现近随机分布状态,高密度下稳定于显著的聚集状态,即蚂蚁聚集的程度是密度依赖的.实验给出的佐证在后续探究蚂蚁聚集的微观机制研究中将起到至关重要的作用,能够引起聚集行为涌现的简单机制是与密度密切相关的.     

堤坝蚁穴通道的可灌性及浆液配比

堤坝蚁穴通道的可灌性极不均匀。通过对渗流条件和制浆材料性能的详细分析,配制出了两种浆液,1#号浆液适用于细小孔道和裂缝的充灌,2#浆液适用于粗大空腔的充填固结,只有配合使用两种浆液,才能达到灭蚁防渗的目的。     

蚂蚁有效成分的提取及性能研究

用超声波法对蚂蚁有效成分进行提取,通过正交实验法确定了最佳提取条件,并研究了该条件下蚂蚁提取液对亚硝胺合成的阻断作用及对亚硝酸根离子的清除作用。实验结果表明:蚂蚁提取液对亚硝胺合成的阻断率和对亚硝酸根离子的清除率高达90%。