Φ12LMQ型钢筋冷拉机原理及主要参数选择

介绍了一种新型钢筋冷拉机的工作原理和主要参数：变形速度Ｖ△Ｌ、单位时间伸长率ε、送进速度Ｖ２、冷拉速度Ｖ１及其之间的关系．这种冷拉机具有生产率高、冷拉质量稳定等特点．     

高铬铸铁锤式破碎机锤头的研制及耐磨性的提高

本文介绍了15—2—1高铬铸铁锤式破碎机锤头的研制和使用情况,对提高其耐磨性的热处理工艺进行了对比试验.结果表明,高铬铸铁锤头经二次硬化热处理(1100℃×100min+540℃×2hr)后,寿命可比普通铸铁锤头提高10.7倍,比常规“最佳” 硬化处理的高铬铸铁锤头提高0.59倍.使用这种锤头,可使材料消耗降低到原来的26%,同时减少了更换次数,提高了生产率.     

Tagungsberichte

Es wurde eine X-X-Fluoreszensmethode (mit einer 30-mCi-²³⁸ Pu-Anregungsquelle und einem Proportionalzähler) zur Bestimmung von eisenhaltigen Verschleiβteilchen in Schmierölen für Schiffsmotoren erarbeitet. Die Methode ermöglicht eine schnelle Abschātzung des Verschleiβes von Miotorteilen. Die Empfindlichkeit der Methode beträgt ca. 0,005% Fe, der mittlere Fehler (nach dem Student-Test bei einer Zuverlässigkeit von 0,95) ca. ±5%.     

Comparative Study of Tribological Properties of Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS), Polyethersulfone (PES), and Polysulfone (PSU)

The tribological properties of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyethersulfone (PES) and polysulfone (PSU), which have similar molecular structures, were investigated using an end-face contact tribometer and a reciprocating tribometer. The thermomechanical behavior of the polymers was analyzed using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). PPS exhibited a maximum friction coefficient with increasing load and sliding speed, while the friction coefficients of PES and PSU decreased only slightly. The wear rate of PPS was much lower than that of PES and PSU under high loads and speeds. It is suggested that the main factors influencing the friction and wear properties of the neat polymers are their condensed state and heat resistance. Amorphous PES and PSU showed liquid-like behavior and very low friction when the frictional surface was in the molten-flow state. The macromolecular crystals of crystallizable PPS give it some solid-like behavior and load-carrying capacity; hence PPS exhibited lower wear than PES and PSU.     

Non-Amontons behavior of friction in single contacts

We report on the frictional properties of a single contact between a glassy polymer lens and a flat silica substrate covered either by a disordered or by a self-assembled alkylsilane monolayer. We find that, in contrast to a widely spread belief, the Amontons proportionality between frictional and normal stresses does not hold. Besides, we observe that the velocity dependence of the sliding stress is strongly sensitive to the structure of the silane layer. Analysis of the frictional rheology observed on both disordered and self-assembled monolayers suggests that dissipation is controlled by the plasticity of a glass-like interfacial layer in the former case, and by pinning of polymer chains on the substrate in the latter one.     

Originalarbeiten Autoradiographische Untersuchungen zum Verschleiß von Stahl

Bei Verschleißuntersuchungen mit einer Stift-Scheibe-Apparalur, in der an Stelle des Stifles eine neutronenaktivierte Stahlkugel eingesetzt wird, wird in unserem Laboratorium außer Radioaktivitätsmessungen mit Zählgeräten auch die Autoradiographie angewandt. Dazu wird der Schmierstoff mit dem losen Verschleiß abgewaschen und der festhaftende (adhäsive) Verschleiß durch Kontaktautoradiographie abgebildet. Die notwendigen Expositionszeiten liegen meist bei 2 bis 3 Wochen, wobei im allgemeinen TF 14-Filmmaterial verwendet wird.

Experimentelle Beispiele werden gezeigt und diskutiert. Mit neutronenaktivierten Stahlkugdn verschiedener Abklingzeit wurde durch Verghieh von Radioaktivitätsmessungen mit Zählgeräten und Autoradiographie gezeigt, daß die Schwärzung vorwiegend von der ß-Strahlung der entstandenen Radionuklide herrührt.     

Influence of magnetic powders on the tribological performance of a novel magnetic brake material

By adding magnetic powders into matrix material, it has been proved to be a creative approach to improve tribological properties of brake materials. In this paper, a novel magnetic brake material with Nd–Fe–B and nano-Fe₃O₄ was developed, and the influential mechanism of these two magnetic powders and their content on the friction and wear performance was deeply discussed. Firstly, some experiments were carried out to investigate the tribological performance and influential mechanisms of four groups of brake pad samples with different magnetic powders. Furthermore, based on these results, further experiments for investigating the influence that Nd–Fe–B contents have on the tribological properties were conducted. According to the theoretical analysis about experiments, it was concluded that nano-Fe₃O₄ is beneficial to promote the formation of friction film and has certain lubricant effects. However, Nd–Fe–B has double effects on the formation of friction film. It will have positive effects when its content is less than a certain value. Otherwise, it will destroy the structure of friction film. Conclusively, it is believed that this study will be significantly valuable and meaningful for developing new brake materials and improving safety reliability of mechanical brakes.     

Microstructure and properties of Nb/Ta multilayer films irradiated by a high current pulse electron beam

Nb/Ta multilayer films deposited on Ti6Al4V substrate with Nb and Ta monolayer thicknesses of 30 nm, 120 nm, and 240 nm were irradiated by a high current pulse electron beam (HCPEB) to prepare Nb-Ta alloyed layers. The microstructure and the composition of the outmost surface of melted alloyed layers were investigated using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) equipped with an X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) attachment. The Ta content of the alloyed surface layer prepared from the monolayer of thickness 30 nm, 120 nm, and 240 nm was ～ 27.7 at.%, 6.37 at.%, and 0 at.%, respectively. It was found that the Ta content in the alloyed layer plays a dominant role in the microstructure of the films. The hardness and the wear rate of the alloyed layers decrease with the increasing content of Ta in the surface layer.     

45°斜孔反射镜的简易加工

介绍４５°斜孔反射镜粗磨成形的简易加工方法以及所需的设备和工装。     

车辆轮对踏面缺陷的光电检测方法研究

铁路车辆轮对踏面的擦伤与剥离是车辆在运行过程中形成的一种常见的不规则表面缺陷,是轮对检修过程中必须检测的一个项目。提出了一种利用光电技术非接触测量此表面缺陷的方法。该方法在轮对旋转条件下,用精密激光位移传感器对踏面进行快速扫描,采集值经处理后被转换为数字图像,再通过图像处理识别是否存在表面缺陷。必要时通过对缺陷部位的往复扫描,更准确识别出擦伤与剥离是否超出段修限度。该方法可有效检测出踏面缺陷,重复性好,可满足车辆段修现场使用要求。