Damage and fracture evaluation of granular composite materials by digital image correlation method

This paper presents the applications of digital image correlation technique to the mesoscopic damage and fracture study of some granular based composite materials including steelfiber reinforced concrete, sandstone and crystal-polymer composite. The deformation fields of the composite materials resulted from stress localization were obtained by the correlation computation of the surface images with loading steps and thus the related damage prediction and fracture parameters were evaluated. The correlation searching could be performed either directly based on the gray levels of the digital images or from the wavelet transform (WT) coefficients of the transform spectrum. The latter was developed by the authors and showed higher resolution and sensitivity to the singularity detection. Because the displacement components came from the rough surfaces of the composite materials without any coats of gratings or fringes of optical interferometry, both surface profiles and the deformation fields of the composites were visualized which was helpful to compare each other to analyze the damage of those heterogeneous materials. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10125211 and 10072002), the Scientific Committee of Yunnan Province for the Program of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete, and the Institute of Chemical Materials, CAEP at Mianyang     

不同破壁方法对活性污泥总DNA提取效果的影响

分别采用酶法、化学法、珠磨匀浆法和反复冻融法对活性污泥样品进行破壁，提取总DNA，并通过提取的核酸总量、纯度、片段分布情况、是否含有聚合酶链反应抑制剂以及基因间隔序列(ITS)扩增产物多态性等5个指标来评价不同的细胞破壁方法对活性污泥总DNA提取效果的影响。结果表明，化学法的优势最明显，提取的总量最多，大片段提取效果好，虽然杂质较多，但不影响聚合酶链反应，方法的偏倚性最小。     

基于粒计算的元胞自动机交通流的研究

将粒计算技术引入到元胞自动机的交通流研究中,从而为进一步提出基于元胞、粒和交通网络三层结构的交通流系统奠定基础,继而改进传统交通流模拟系统的架构.在此交通流模拟系统中,粒及粒计算的思想反映为系统设计中的车队概念,而在某一时间步进内,交通网络中所有车辆的更新将按照路段、车队、车辆的层级顺序进行.     

一种基于粒计算的知识隐藏方法

对数据中蕴涵的敏感知识的隐藏与保护是私有保护数据挖掘中重要一个研究课题。粒计算具有在不同的粒度层次上进行问题求解的能力。本文讨论了基于粗糙集粒计算模型的数据中知识隐藏与保护方法。首先,介绍了不完备信息系统下的相容关系、相容信息粒和信息粒度;其次,提出基于粒计算的知识隐藏与保护方法;最后,通过具体实例和在真实数据集上的测试表明了所提出方法的可行性。     

Multi-scale homogenization-based modeling of semi-crystalline polymers

This paper presents a finite-strain, multi-scale constitutive model for semi-crystalline polymers, accounting explicitly for the current state and evolution of the underlying crystallographic, lamellar and morphological texture. Specifically, a semi-crystalline polymer is modeled as a two-scale composite, assumed to be, at the larger length scale, an aggregate of randomly distributed grains that, at the smaller length scale, are made up of alternating layers of an amorphous and a crystalline phase. The model incorporates finite elasticity for the amorphous phase and crystallographic hardening for the crystalline phase. The instantaneous effective response of this composite is determined by means of multi-scale homogenization methods, consisting in the use of a “linear comparison composite” (LCC) with the same internal structure as the actual nonlinear composite, with local properties that are optimally chosen via suitably designed variational principles. The effective properties of the resulting two-scale LCC are obtained through a “sequential” homogenization procedure, involving the exact solution for the effective behavior of the lamellar grains and a self-consistent estimate for the aggregate. The latter results are also used to establish evolution laws for the appropriate internal variables in the material. The predictions of the model for the macroscopic response and texture evolution in high-density polyethylene are confronted with available experimental results and compared with those of earlier models.     

级配对矿质颗粒体离析的影响研究及应用

 为取得不易离析的路面颗粒材料,开展了级配对矿质颗粒体离析的影响研究。首先通过实验研究,确定反映路面颗粒材料离析的试验方法;然后应用级配设计理论,设计不同级配参数的矿质颗粒体,根据各颗粒体离析试验结果,采用级配设计参数与表征颗粒体粒径分布的平均粒径与粒径分散系数,分析颗粒体级配与其离析程度的关系。研究发现,最大粒径相同的颗粒体,平均粒径和粒径分散系数存在离析程度最小的临界值,超出此临界值的颗粒体离析程度变大;临界值对应的级配为次级粒径颗粒填充上级粒径颗粒空隙时,留下适当空间的级配;且平均粒径和粒径分散系数存在良好对应关系,粒径分散系数随平均粒径的增大而减小。另外,对比分析了矿质颗粒体离析试验与沥青混合料施工离析的对应关系。     

温度对CaO2强化剩余污泥厌氧水解，酸化的影响

本文探究了温度对CaO_2强化剩余污泥厌氧水解,酸化的影响。实验结果表明在15~35℃,随着温度的升高,污泥厌氧反应体系中水解和酸化得到加强,且VFA和甲烷的最大积累量分别为3 120 mg/L和196 m L。当温度进一步提高至55℃时,水解反应得到强化,但是过高的温度限制了厌氧微生物对溶解性蛋白质和多糖的利用,进而导致VFA的积累量较少。因此35℃是CaO_2强化剩余污泥水解和酸化的最佳温度。     

糯米浆灰土无侧限压缩和三轴剪切离散元分析

糯米浆灰土是一种常见的遗址保护建筑材料,为研究糯米浆灰土压缩加载过程中的糯米-石灰胶结破坏和接触组构演化情况,采用离散单元法开展了糯米浆灰土无侧限压缩和三轴剪切离散元模拟。首先基于软胶结模型考虑糯米浆-石灰的强度特征,制备了糯米浆灰土离散元试样;然后通过参数敏感性分析为试样赋予合理的接触模型等效模量和胶结强度参数,最后对试样开展无侧限和三轴压缩模拟。结果表明：离散元模拟能再现糯米浆灰土加载试验的主要特征;加载过程中胶结破坏数量先缓后快增加,最终趋于平缓,胶结破坏呈现一定的聚集效应;无侧限压缩下胶结接触主要发生拉伸破坏,随着围压增加,剪切破坏接触数量增加;试样偏组构快速增加段为胶结破坏诱发。     

级配碎石本构模型弹性变形适用性及验证

针对级配碎石本构模型对沥青路面变形适用性,推导应变张量更新算法并对碎石本构模型进行有限元二次开发,将其用于ABAQUS有限元软件分析路面变形,并将分析结果与现场实测结果对比.结果表明:级配碎石计算收敛模量分布极不均匀;级配碎石采用Uzan模型计算得沥青层层底应力、应变与沥青层内部最大剪应力均较其采用线弹性模型和k-θ模型的情况大;通过与现场实测应变比较可知,采用Uzan模型计算所得沥青层层底应变与实测应变最接近.