生姜增产技术及病害的防治

研究了催芽大小,遮荫程度,常用肥料-氮、磷、钾肥、微肥-锌、硼、植物激素-乙烯利和绿植灵对生姜的增产作用及生姜常见病害--姜瘟病、班点病和炭疽病的症状,病原、传播途径、发病条件及防治方法.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速同时测定生姜中10种营养成分

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UHPLC-MS/MS）快速同时测定生姜中姜辣素类和姜黄素类营养成分的分析方法，具体包括6-姜酚、8-姜酚、10-姜酚、6-姜烯酚、8-姜烯酚、10-姜烯酚、四氢姜黄素、姜黄素、去甲氧基姜黄素、双去甲氧基姜黄素10种目标物。采用ZORBAX RRHD Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm，1.8 μm）分离，以0.1%（v/v）甲酸水溶液和0.1%（v/v）甲酸甲醇溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱，采用电喷雾电离（ESI）源、正离子和多反应监测（MRM）模式对目标物进行定性确证和定量分析。10种营养成分的线性相关系数（r）均≥ 0.9995，方法的定量限为0.10~7.71 μg/L，样品基质在3个水平下的平均加标回收率为82.8%~115.3%，相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.58%~11.49%。分析结果显示，生姜中10种营养成分均有检出，其中6-姜酚的含量最高且集中分布于373.35~702.48 mg/kg。该法简便快速，准确可靠，适用于生姜中姜辣素类和姜黄素类营养成分的分析，可为生姜质量鉴定和控制提供技术手段。     

包裹姜根油的多种纳米颗粒的制备及质量评价

以大豆磷脂、聚乙交酯丙交酯(PLGA)和聚乙二醇(PEG)3种原料成功制备了包裹难溶于水的植物提取物姜根油(GRO)的纳米脂质体、PLGA纳米颗粒和PEG纳米颗粒,并对3种不同载体制备的纳米制剂的形貌、大小、Zeta电位,包封率及物理稳定性等进行了考察.研究结果表明3种纳米颗粒各有优缺点,可以根据不同的条件和不同的需要制备不同的颗粒,为开发新型的难溶药用植物提取物的理想药剂提供了实验依据.     

多粘类芽孢杆菌BS04拮抗成分分离纯化及其特性

用改良的琼脂孔扩散实验进行生物活性跟踪,分离纯化了多粘类芽孢杆菌BS04的拮抗成分,将纯化样品溶解在水中,测定其对青枯假单胞菌的拮抗作用,结果显示BS04拮抗成分能耐受广泛的pH,并且热稳定性好,活性不受蛋白酶K和胰蛋白酶影响,这些说明细菌BS04具有作为生物防治制剂的潜力。同时,拮抗成分的薄层层析、红外光谱以及质谱结果暗示此活性成分可能为4个分子量相近的肽类物质。     

抑制姜瘟青枯假单胞菌的木霉菌株的筛选及其抑菌机理

筛选得到一株可有效抑制姜瘟青枯假单胞菌的木霉菌株SMF2(Tricoderma spp SMF2)，证实其胞外分泌的抗生素--木霉素是抑制姜瘟菌生长的主要物质，该物质对热稳定，固体发酵是培养木霉制剂的有效方法，并对培养基的组成、培养条件进行了初步优化。     

Atheroprotective potentials of curcuminoids against ginger extract in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits

The anti-atherogenic potentials of total ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract (TGE) or curcuminoids extracted from turmeric (Curcuma longa), members of family Zingiberaceae, were compared in hypercholesterolaemia. Rabbits were fed either normal or atherogenic diet. The rabbits on atherogenic diet received treatments with TGE or curcumenoids and placebo concurrently for 6 weeks (n = 6). The anti-atherogenic effects of curcuminoids and ginger are mediated via multiple mechanisms. This effect was correlated with their ability to lower cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity. Ginger extract exerted preferential effects on plasma lipids, reverse cholesterol transport, cholesterol synthesis and inflammatory status. Curcuminoids, however, showed superior antioxidant activity.     

Study on the morphology, crystalline structure and thermal properties of yellow ginger starch acetates with different degrees of substitution

Yellow ginger starch acetates with different degrees of substitution (DS) were prepared by reacting native starch with glacial acetic acid/acetic anhydride using sulfuric acid as catalyst. X-ray diffraction (XRD) of acetylated starch revealed that the crystal structure of native starch was disappeared and new crystalline regions were formed. Their formation was confirmed by the presence of the carbonyl signal around 1750 cm⁻¹, as well as the reduced hydroxyl groups, in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) suggested most of the starch granules disintegrated with many visible fragments along with the increasing DS. The thermal behavior of the native starch and starch acetate were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), it was observed that the thermal stability of acetylated starch depends on the degree of substitution. Thermal stability of high DS acetylated starch is much better than that of the original starch when DS reached to 2.67.     

正交超声优选生姜黄酮的提取工艺条件

以生姜为原料,研究了超声强化提取生姜总黄酮的正交工艺条件.以生姜提取物中总黄酮为考察指标,用单因素和正交实验研究提取的适宜工艺条件.结果表明:以80%乙醇溶液为溶剂,提取时间60min,物料比1∶20(g/mL)时,提取效果最好,此条件下的生姜总黄酮得率可达1.27%.     

Chemical Constituents,Antioxidant, Anti-Tyrosinase,Cytotoxicity, and Anti-Melanogenesis Activities of Etlingera elatior (Jack) Leaf Essential Oils

Essential oils of plants have been used widely in cosmetic preparations. Being both perfuming and active ingredients, the functions of essential oils mean they are high-value ingredients. In this study, the leaf of Etlingera elatior (Jack) or Torch ginger was used. The essential oils (EO) were prepared by conventional hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD). The volatile compounds of EOs were analyzed by gas chromatography spectroscopy (GC-MS). The antioxidant activities by means of DPPH radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were determined. The inhibition of tyrosinase activity was investigated. The cytotoxicity was performed against human fibroblast cell lines (NIH/3T3) and melanoma cell lines (A375 and B16F10). The decreasing melanin content was measured in melanoma cell lines. The resulting essential oils were detected for 41 compounds from HD extraction dominants by terpenes, namely sesquiterpenes (48.499%) and monoterpenes (19.419%), while 26 compounds were detected from MAHD with the fatty alcohols as the major group. The higher antioxidant activities were found in HD EO (IC50 of 16.25 ± 0.09 mg/mL from DPPH assay and 0.91 ± 0.01 mg TEAC/g extract from FRAP assay). The survival of normal fibroblast cell lines remained at 90% at 500 µg/mL HD EO, where the EO possessed the half-maximal toxicity dose (TD50) of 214.85 ± 4.647 and 241.128 ± 2.134 μg/mL on B16F10 and A375 cell lines, respectively. This could suggest that the EO is highly selective against the melanoma cell lines. The melanin content was decreased at the half-maximum efficacy (IC50) at 252.12 ± 3.02 and 253.56 ± 3.65 in the A375 and B1610 cell lines, respectively, which were approximately 2.8-fold lower than kojic acid, the standard compound. The results of this study evidence the use of Etlingera elatior (Jack) leaf as a source of essential oil as an active agent in cosmetics.     

生姜提取物在油脂中抗氧化特性分析

利用各类溶剂来浸提生姜中有效抗氧化组分,并对提取物在猪油,花生油中的抗氧化能力进行了试验分析。研究结果表明,提取物对油脂抗氧化能力的强弱与溶剂的极性直接相关,生姜中的抗氧化组分应该是极性物质。论文还对利用溶剂浸提抗氧化组分的经济性开展了初步探讨。