黑松丛生芽的诱导及植株再生

以黑松带子叶顶芽为外植体建立了包括丛生芽诱导、伸长和生根的植株再生体系。结果表明:培养基中激素的种类、浓度以及外植体年龄对丛生芽的诱导有较大影响。单独使用6-BA能诱导产生丛生芽,但数量少,生长慢,NAA与6-BA配合使用能取得更好的效果。在试验的所有组合中,4.0 mg/L 6-BA 0.05 mg/L NAA效果最佳。截取黑松外植体的最佳苗龄为22~28 d。已分化的丛生芽在无6-BA但附加0.1 mg/L NAA的改良GD培养基中伸长较明显,GA3不能促进黑松丛生芽的生长且有毒害作用。将伸长的丛生芽接种在附加0.2 mg/L NAA的1/2 WPM培养基上培养14 d再转移至无激素的1/2 WPM中,1个月后,生根率达23.3%。     

培养因素对龙牙楤木体细胞胚胎发生的影响

对龙牙楤木Aralia elate(Miq.）Seen幼芽体细胞胚胎发生过程中培养基的种类、2，4-D、BA、蔗糖浓度及活性碳等五个培养因素的影响进行了比较研究，结果表明，诱导体细胞胚胎发生的适宜基本培养基为MS培养基；蔗糖浓度从2％提高到3％诱导率逐渐下降；当2，4-D／BA比值低时，有利于体细胞胚胎发生频率的提高，但不利于胚状体的产生；当该比值高时，必须添加活性碳才有利于提高体细胞胚胎发生的数量和质量。     

龙牙楤木组织培养与不定芽再生植株

以龙牙楤木Aralia elate(Miq.)Seem的幼嫩茎、叶为外植体，在含有0．5mg／LNAA 0．5mg／LBA培养基上分别添加0．5mg／12，4-D、2mg／12,4-D时，茎、叶外植体出愈率最高,愈伤组织转入MA (1-3)mg／LBA (0-0．5)mg／LN从后，形成了密布白色霜块状、绿色瘤状和黄褐色颗粒状三种类型的愈伤组织,其中，白色霜状愈伤组织在适宜的条件下可产生不定芽,生根培养基为1／2MA无激素培养基。     

印度梨形孢对黑松幼苗生长量及其根系形态的动态影响

为研究印度梨形孢(Piriformospora indica)对黑松(Pinus thunbergii)幼苗生长及其根系形态的动态影响,在营养杯培育条件下研究了印度梨形孢对黑松地上部分与根系生长、根系构型及根系分形维数的影响。结果表明,印度梨形孢对黑松地下根系生长的促进作用发挥时间早于地上部分、效应显著高于地上部分,接种印度梨形孢15~30 d时对地上部分基本无影响,但对根系促进作用明显,而地上部分在60 d时生长效应显著。接种印度梨形孢可增加黑松地上部分、根系的生物量,也显著地改善了根系长度、分支数、表面积、体积等构型参数与根系分形维数,促进黑松生长。     

Mammalian Arginase Inhibitory Activity of Methanolic Extracts and Isolated Compounds from Cyperus Species

Polyphenolic enriched extracts from two species of Cyperus, Cyperus glomeratus and Cyperus thunbergii, possess mammalian arginase inhibitory capacities, with the percentage inhibition ranging from 80% to 95% at 100 µg/mL and 40% to 64% at 10 µg/mL. Phytochemical investigation of these species led to the isolation and identification of two new natural stilbene oligomers named thunbergin A-B (1–2), together with three other stilbenes, trans-resveratrol (3), trans-scirpusin A (4), trans-cyperusphenol A (6), and two flavonoids, aureusidin (5) and luteolin (7), which were isolated for the first time from C. thunbergii and C. glomeratus. Structures were established on the basis of the spectroscopic data from MS and NMR experiments. The arginase inhibitory activity of compounds 1–7 was evaluated through an in vitro arginase inhibitory assay using purified liver bovine arginase. As a result, five compounds (1, 4–7) showed significant inhibition of arginase, with IC₅₀ values between 17.6 and 60.6 µM, in the range of those of the natural arginase inhibitor piceatannol (12.6 µM). In addition, methanolic extract from Cyperus thunbergii exhibited an endothelium and NO-dependent vasorelaxant effect on thoracic aortic rings from rats and improved endothelial dysfunction in an adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model.     

Water Extract of Fritillariae thunbergii Bulbus Inhibits RANKL-Mediated Osteoclastogenesis and Ovariectomy-Induced Trabecular Bone Loss

Fritillariae thunbergii bulbus has been widely used to treat symptoms of coughs and airway congestion in the chest due to pathological colds and damp phlegm in traditional Chinese medicine. Despite its long history of traditional use, its pharmacological activities on osteoclastogenesis and osteoporosis have not been evaluated. This study investigated the effects of the water extract of Fritillariae thunbergii bulbus (WEFT) on osteoclast differentiation in bone marrow-derived macrophage cells and on ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis in mice. We found that WEFT significantly inhibited osteoclastogenesis by downregulating the receptor activator of the NF-κB ligand (RANKL) signaling-induced nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) expression. In an OVX-induced osteoporosis model, WEFT significantly prevented the OVX-induced trabecular loss of femurs, accompanied by a reduction in fat accumulation in the bone marrow and liver. In addition, WEFT significantly prevented weight gain and gonadal fat gain without recovering uterine atrophy. Using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, seven alkaloids (peimisine glucoside, yibeissine, peiminoside, sipeimine-glucoside, peimisine, peimine, and peiminine) were identified in WEFT. The results of this study suggest that WEFT can be a potential pharmacological candidate to reduce menopausal osteoporosis and menopause-related symptoms, such as fat accumulation.     

微波消解-原子吸收法分析并比较四种贝母中的微量元素

利用火焰原子吸收分光光度法(FAAS)及石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法(GFAAS)测定了浙贝、象贝、东贝、川贝4种贝母中15种微量元素的含量。同时考察了不同微波消解条件对分析结果的影响, 确定了原子吸收分光光度法测定的最佳条件,并且以微量元素含量作为指标对其进行了主成分分析。实验结果表明, 微波消解法操作简便、快速、样品消解完全, 空白值低, 选择性好, 方法相对标准偏差小于3.96%,回收率在91.0%～108.7%。主成分分析法在反映不同样品微量元素含量的差异程度上具有应用价值。     

南京地区黑松与马尾松的自然杂交研究

研究了南京地区黑松和马尾构间所产生的自然杂种。杂种可分三类：偏马尾松型、双亲中间及偏黑松类型，其中中间类型占多数，并从枝叶形态特征（包括幼苗和成年）；针叶比较解剖；球果种子性状；年生长节律；高、径生长，材积生长；木材容重；抗松材线虫以及核型等方面进行了自然杂种和双亲比较，证明该自然杂种具明显杂种优势，对该自然杂种的利用前景提出了看法。     

基于核糖体小亚基DNA序列的鼠尾藻系统发生分析

通过制备野生鼠尾藻基因组DNA,用同源克隆技术获得鼠尾藻的SSU rDNA序列。该序列长度为1 784 bp,A、G、T、C 4种碱基的含量分别为24.66%、27.75%、26.35%和21.24%,序列已提交至GenBank,登录号为JN604979。选用GenBank数据库中已有的褐藻SSU rDNA序列构建系统发生树,结果显示:鼠尾藻与半叶马尾藻,铜藻以及Sargassum macrocarpum聚为一支,并且与半叶马尾藻的亲缘关系最近。     

复方乌头汤配伍贝母化学成分变化研究

将超高效液相色谱-质谱联用(UPLC-MS) 及UPLC-MSⁿ技术与偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)结合, 对乌头汤分别与川贝、 浙贝按照制川乌与贝母生药质量比1: 1配伍前后化学成分的变化情况进行了研究. 在PLS-DA模型中, 乌头汤与川贝、 浙贝配伍前后的煎煮液均可明显区分. 乌头汤与川贝共煎后获得8个化学标志物, 可鉴定出7个化合物, 其中尼奥灵、 附子灵及苯甲酰基新乌头原碱在共煎后含量上升, 塔拉定、 10-OH苯甲酰基乌头原碱、 10-OH苯甲酰基新乌头原碱和苯甲酰基去氧乌头原碱在配伍后含量下降. 乌头汤与浙贝共煎后获得7个化学标志物, 分别为Chuanfumine、 Songorine、 塔拉定、 尼奥灵、 附子灵、 苯甲酰基新乌头原碱和10-OH苯甲酰基新乌头原碱, 所有化学标志物的含量在共煎后均降低.