Rapid measurement of fish freshness indices by an amperometric flow-injection system with a 16-way switching valve and immobilized enzyme reactors

A novel flow-injection system is proposed for the rapid measurement of the fish freshness indices K₁ and K₂: K₁=[([HxR+[Hx])×100/([IMP]+[HxR]+[Hx])] and K₂=[[Hx]×100/([HxR]+[Hx])], where [IMP], [HxR] and [Hx] are inosine-5′-monophosphate, inosine and hypoxanthine concentrations, respectively. For the estimation of index K₁, 5′-nucleotidase immobilized reactor and nucleoside phosphorylase (NP)/xanthine oxidase (XO) coimmobilized reactor were incorporated in series in the flow-injection line made up by a 16-way switching valve with two sample loops. For the estimation of index K₂, NP and XO immobilized reactors were also incorporated in the similar flow-line. Two sample portions passed through the flow-line with different residence times so that two peaks were obtained. The first and second peaks obtained in the K₁-determining system corresponded to the total of HxR and Hx and the total of Hx, HxR and IMP, respectively. Similarly, the first and second peaks obtained in the K₂-determining system corresponded to Hx and the total of Hx and HxR, respectively. Therefore, the indices K₁ and K₂ can be estimated by

where i₁ and i₂ present the peak current of the first and second peaks, respectively, and f the ratio of the peak currents of the first and second peaks for a Hx standard solution. A sea bream was selected as a model fish and it was stored at 4 °C after death. A good correlation was found between the index K₁ and the storage time over a period of 400 h, with a correlation coefficient of 0.992, but no correlation between the index K₂ and the storage time. The measurements could be performed at a rate of 22 samples per hour with satisfactory precision (0.6–1.2% R.S.D.), without calibration for each species, accurate weighing of fish meat and any interferences in fish meat.     

多气体传感器信号样条回归分析

回归分析研究某一变量和其他有关变量的依赖关系 ,它利用观测数据建立变量之间的回归模型 ,并做出预报和控制 .目前 ,回归分析已广泛应用于工程、经济、金融、生物和医学等领域 .将样条回归分析方法用于电子鼻系统中多气体传感器信号的信息处理 ,针对牛肉样本建立了牛肉新鲜度样条回归模型 ,并对该模型进行了回归分析 ,给出了牛肉新鲜度预报值和估计区间 .研究结果表明 ,样条回归分析适用于电子鼻系统在牛肉新鲜度检测中的信息处理     

淡水鱼加工副产物新鲜度对速酿鱼露品质的影响

以淡水鱼加工副产物为原料,经过不同条件的储藏后得到不同新鲜度的副产物,分别接种米曲霉后置35℃发酵30d制备鱼露。对副产物和鱼露的理化特性进行评价,结果表明,副产物经储藏后品质发生不同程度的变化:常温储藏4h后,副产物的pH值、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、硫代巴比妥酸及菌落总数均比冰藏和冻藏副产物的相关指标高,而冰藏8h副产物的相关指标则高于冰藏4h副产物的指标；以常温储藏4h的副产物为原料发酵所得的鱼露,其氨基酸态氮、总可溶性氮含量最高,然而其TVB-N和三甲胺含量也最高；以冰藏4h的副产物为原料发酵所得鱼露的生物胺总量和组胺含量最高。副产物经常温4h储藏后其理化特性发生了一定改变,但并未对鱼露的整体品质产生显著的不良影响,因此,淡水鱼加工副产物在常温储藏4h以下可以用于速酿鱼露的发酵。     

活性铁保鲜剂对米花糖保鲜效果的研究

以荷花牌米花糖为材料，采用自制活性铁保鲜剂处理，用铝箔复合袋包装，室温下储藏，在四个月储藏期内测定了米花糖的感观指标和理化卫生指标。结果表明：在夏季高温（最高气温４２℃，储藏室温度３８℃）条件下储藏四个月后，活性铁处理组米花糖的感官指标保持基本不变，酸值（ＡＶ）、过氧化值（ＰＯＶ）、羰基值（ＣＶ）和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）等理化卫生指标显著低于对照组。活性铁处理组的保鲜效果明显优于对照组。     

鸡蛋新鲜度与其生物电的相关性的研究

本研究发现鸡蛋的新鲜度与其生物电信号的频率结构之间存在一定的相关性,为蛋品品质评定提出了一个新的研究方向。     

A Cooperative Schema between Web Sever and Search Engine for Improving Freshness of Web Repository

0 IntroductionTIon tceorpneet w ,itthhefr cerqauwelnetr sch oafn sgeeasr cohf tehneg iinnfeo rnemeadti toon uopnd tahteethe web pages visited. Different pages have different changefrequencies[1].Sothe crawlers must firstly esti mate which pa-ges need to b…     

基于多信息处理的肉类新鲜度检测方法研究

为找出一种快速、有效、科学的检测肉类新鲜度的方法,分析了肉类新鲜度检测辨识机理,构建了一套基于电子信息技术、光电检测技术、图像处理技术以及神经网络模式识别技术的智能检测辨识系统.通过对猪肉样本的测试与分析表明,该系统可实时准确地识别肉类新鲜度.此外,该方法可应用到其他相关检测领域,研究成果具有重要的现实意义.     

几种保鲜液对东方百合切花保鲜效果的研究

用6种保鲜液对东方百合切花进行处理,结果表明：不同保鲜液处理对东方百合切花花开前花苞长度的增长及瓶插寿命、抑制叶黄化等指标差异显著。其中6号保鲜液,配方为：130mg/L8-羟基喹啉柠檬酸盐＋0．463mmol／L硫代硫酸银＋1mg／L赤霉素＋3％蔗糖＋清水,在瓶插期间保鲜效果最好,使切花瓶插寿命延长了1．2～5．2d,并具有促进花苞增长,延缓叶片衰老的作用。     

Internet of Things: The Optimal Generation Rates under Preemption Strategy in a Multi-Source Queuing System

With the rapid development and wide application of the Internet of Things (IoT), how to provide timely and fresh information for strategic analysis and decision-making has become a key issue. Recent studies have shown that preemption strategies are of great importance to the improvement of information freshness. In view of this, we focus on the multi-source preemptive queuing model and investigate how to control the generation rate of each source to achieve the optimal overall information freshness. Specifically, we consider two typical preemption strategies: self-preemption strategy and global-preemption strategy. Noting that the urgency requirements of the systems on the data of each source are different, we propose the weighted average age of information (AoI) to characterize the overall information freshness of the system. For the self-preemption strategy, we prove that the optimal generation rate allocation is a convex problem and present an efficient algorithm to find the optimal solution. Additionally, we also derive a closed-form approximate optimal solution under light load cases to meet the demands for rapid deployment. For the global-preemption strategy, we directly derive the closed-form optimal solution of the corresponding problem. By comparing the optimized weighted average AoIs, the performance achieved by the global-preemption system was better than that achieved by the self-preemption system in terms of the overall timeliness. The numerical analysis verified the correctness of the theoretical analysis and that the proposed approximate solution had high accuracy not only under light load cases but also under other cases.     

A Novel Flow Injection Optical Fiber Biosensor for Hypoxanthine Based on Luminol Electrochemiluminescence

IntroductionIn the food industry,the determination of hy-poxanthine in fish meatcan be regarded as a simplemethod for evaluating fish freshness.When a fishis caught and killed,the breakdown of adenosine-5 - triphosphate( ATP) in the fish meat results inthe release of adenosine- 5 - diphosphate ( ADP) ,and further degradation products are adenosine- 5 -monophosphate( AMP) ,inosine- 5 - monophosphate( IMP) ,inosine( Hx R) ,hypoxanthine( Hx) ,xan-thine( X) and uric acid( UA) . It has be…