Water-assisted mechanical testing of polymeric thin-films

Thin films with a nanometer-scale thickness are of great interest to both scientific and industrial communities due to their numerous applications and unique behaviors different from the bulk. However, the understanding of thin-film mechanics is still greatly hampered due to their intrinsic fragility and the lack of commercially available experimental instruments. In this review, we first discuss the progression of thin-film mechanical testing methods based on the supporting substrate: film-on-solid substrate method, film-on-water tensile tests, and water-assisted free-standing tensile tests. By comparing past studies on a model polymer, polystyrene, the effect of different substrates and confinement effect on the thin-film mechanics is evaluated. These techniques have generated fruitful scientific knowledge in the field of organic semiconductors for the understanding of structure–mechanical property relationships. We end this review by providing our perspective for their bright prospects in much broader applications and materials of interest.     

Insights into MWCNTs/polyimide nanocomposites: from synthesis to application as free-standing flexible electrodes in low-cost micro-supercapacitors

In the pursuit to enlarge the library of polyimide materials for energy applications, new polyimide/MWCNTs composite films have been developed by MWCNTs-assisted polycondensation reaction of a hydroxyl and triphenylmethane-containing diamine with benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride targeting to highlight their electrical storage capability as flexible electrodes in micro-supercapacitors (mSCs). The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, UV–vis, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopies were used to demonstrate the evolution of interfacial interactions between MWCNTs and the precursors (diamine monomer and intermediate polyamidic acid) and polyimide matrix that proved to be the origin of MWCNTs homogeneous dispersion. Thus, composite films incorporating 1, 3, 5, and 10 w.t.% MWCNTs were obtained and thoroughly investigated with regard to their morphology, mechanical behavior, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity. The electrochemical performance of these composites was first analyzed in a classical three-electrode cell by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge in both aqueous and organic electrolyte systems. By far, the best electrical storage capacity was obtained with the composite polyimide film containing 10% MWCNTs that was further used as both active material and current collector in a flexible symmetric mSC realized by a straightforward and low-cost procedure. In the attempt to better exploit the advantages of this composite film, it was layered with a graphite-containing paint and tested as an electrode in a flexible mSC, which provided satisfactory results. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the electrical charge storage capability of a polyimide/MWCNTs free-standing film as a flexible electrode in mSCs, which do not require time- and resource-consuming processing steps.     

跳远训练中运用组合训练法初探

跳远运动对运动员各个方面的素质要求都很严格，任何一个方面都会影响跳远成绩的提高，并且队员容易在训练中受伤，本文对此问题进行了专门研究，提出了新一种训练方法－－组合训练法。     

对"晨光"体育活动的审度与思考

在总结河南省“晨光”体育活动成功经验的基础上 ,对提高学校体育的水平与质量进行了理论性论证 ,进而提出了“晨光”体育活动应推广与普及的合理化建议及可行性措施 .     

Assessment of Four Inter-Comparison Exercises in Organic Elemental Analysis

 Four inter-comparison exercises on organic elemental analysis were carried out between 1997 and 2001 by the Department of Analytical Chemistry of the University of Barcelona, together with the Microanalysis Service and the Institute of the Marine Sciences, which both belong to the CSIC in Barcelona, and the University of A Coru?a. More than sixty laboratories participated in these exercises. Here we describe the design and characteristics of the trials, the samples and the homogeneity tests applied. We report the results obtained for the analysis of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen, their statistical analysis, and the most relevant aspects of the technical discussion meetings. Received December 20, 2001; accepted March 18, 2002; published online July 22, 2002     

An overview of laboratory performance studies conducted by the IAEA for marine pollution studies of metals and organic contaminants

Aspects of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Analytical Quality Control Services (AQCS) for marine environmental studies are discussed, focusing on recent laboratory performance studies (LPS) and the production of reference materials for trace metals and organic compounds in various marine matrices. The IAEA has organized seventeen global interlaboratory studies for a range of organic contaminants. Of note has been the inclusion of numerous polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs) and some sterols of anthropogenic origin. Concurrently, there have been eleven worldwide intercomparison exercises for trace metals in the marine environment, most of which included methylmercury. Although such interlaboratory studies can help improve performance in individual laboratories and regional laboratory networks, the results reveal that problems remain in the determination of some metals and many organic contaminants.     

论工程热力学中的熵

熵是对热力学第二定律进行数学表达的参数。准确理解熵的定义式是学握熵概念的关键和认识熵是状态量的基础。运用熵是状态量的特性，在解题时能够寻求便捷的解题方法。     

关于复习《高等数学》的几点建议

集中复习可以从具体至抽象,再具体进行.一,通过形象法,口诀法,类比法等来记忆基本的必须掌握的概念、定理、解题方法 (即具体 );二,通过图表法从整体上把握知识脉络 (即抽象 );三,利用练习法熟练应用巩固已有的知识 (即再具体 ).     

高校体操课程改革下徒手体操的教法探析

鉴于目前体育教育专业体操课程改革中徒手体操课时所占比重增加的趋势,本文运用文献法、问卷调查法、逻辑分析法对徒手体操教学方法进行了深入分析,探索出了一种省时、高效的徒手体操的教学模式,以期更好地完成体操课程教学的总目标.