柑桔果皮中多甲氧基黄酮的LC-APCI-MS定性分析

黄酮化合物是具有多种生物活性的物质,广泛存在于自然界中。单纯为甲氧基取代的多甲氧基黄酮PMF是芸香科多种桔类所特有的,特别是在其果皮中有较高的含量。近年来有关桔皮PMF抗癌的研究取得了很大进展。PMF作为桔皮中的抗癌活性成分,对多种癌细胞有较强的抑制作用,受到国内外的广泛关注。由于桔皮中PMF的主要成分随柑桔种类和产地的不同而有较大差异,所以,筛选含有较强抗癌活性的PMF成分的桔皮种类,是一项非常有意义的工作。文献报道的PMF的分析检测方法主要有液相色谱法、气相色谱-质谱法等。本文利用液相色谱-大气压化学电离化质谱联用技术定性分析了3种柑桔果皮中PMF的主要成分,并结合紫外吸收光谱进一步确证。     

苏州荠苧总黄酮与微量元素含量的测定

采用分光光度法测定了苏州荠芋的总黄酮含量；采用了等离子发射光谱法测定了其元素含量。结果表明，苏州荠芋总黄酮的含量分别为55．31mg/g(7月采收)、65．00mg/g(8月采收)；含K、Ca、Mg等多种常量元素；含Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cr、Co等多种人体必需的微量元素，其中Fe含量最高；而有害重金属元素Hg未检出，Pb和AS的含量均较低(小于药典规定量)。可见8月采收的苏荠芋总黄酮含量较高，苏州荠芋含多种人体必需的微量元素，有害重金属含量低，具有较大的开发价值。     

橙黄瑞香的化学成分研究

 运用中压柱色谱和高效制备液相色谱对橙黄瑞香的化学成分进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定所分离化合物的结构,并对所得到的化合物进行抗前列腺癌活性测试.从橙黄瑞香茎皮甲醇提取物中分离得到8个单体化合物,包括4个黄酮类化合物和4个香豆素类化合物,鉴定为为瑞香苷（1）、瑞香素（2）、荭草苷（3）、异荭草苷（4）、槲皮素（5）、芫花素（6）、西瑞香素（7）、乙酰伞形花内酯（8）,所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到.用MTT法对这8个化合物进行体外抗前列腺癌活性测试,结果显示4个香豆素化合物对两个前列腺癌细胞株PC-3M和LNCaP均有一定的抑制作用,其中西瑞香素（7）显示最强的活性,对PC-3M和LNCaP的IC50值分别为8.1,13.5μg/mL.     

小花姜花根茎的化学成分研究

小花姜花（Hedychium sinoaureum Stapf.）根茎部分风干粉碎后用甲醇浸提。浸提物溶于水后用乙酸乙酯萃取,乙酸乙酯萃取部分综合运用多种现代分离手段,包括正反相硅胶柱色谱、MCI、Sephadex LH-20层析和半制备高效液相层析,分离得到8个化合物,结构鉴定为3个黄酮类,2个倍半萜类,1个二芳基庚烷类和2个芳香类化合物,分别为：pinocembrin （1）、3,5,7,4''-四甲氧基黄酮 （2）、5-羟基-3,7,4''-三甲氧基黄酮 （3）、3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-1,6,10-triene-3,9-diol （4）、3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-l,6,9-triene-3,11-diol （5）、letestuianin B （6）、5,6-dehydrokawain （7）、vanillin （8）。化合物1, 2和4 ~ 7为第一次从小花姜花中分离得到。     

Phytochemical Investigation and Biological Activities of Lantana rhodesiensis

Lantana rhodesiensis Moldenke is a plant widely used to treat diseases, such as rheumatism, diabetes, and malaria in traditional medicine. To better understand the traditional uses of this plant, a phytochemical study was undertaken, revealing a higher proportion of polyphenols, including flavonoids in L. rhodesiensis leaf extract and moderate proportion in stem and root extracts. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was also determined using three different assays: the radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, the FRAP method (Ferric-reducing antioxidant power) and the β-carotene bleaching test. The anti-malarial activity of each extract was also evaluated using asexual erythrocyte stages of Plasmodium falciparum, chloroquine-sensitive strain 3D7. The results showed that the leaf extract exhibited higher antioxidant and anti-malarial activities in comparison with the stem and root extracts, probably due to the presence of higher quantities of polyphenols including flavonoids in the leaves. A positive linear correlation was established between the phenolic compound content (total polyphenols including flavonoids and tannins; and total flavonoids) and the antioxidant activity of all extracts. Furthermore, four flavones were isolated from leaf dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions: a new flavone named rhodescine (5,6,3′,5′-tetrahydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavone) (1), 5-hydroxy-6,7,3′,4′,5′-pentamethoxyflavone (2), 5-hydroxy-6,7,3′,4′-tetramethoxyflavone (3), and 5,6,3′-trihydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavone (4). Their structures were elucidated by ¹H, ¹³CNMR, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and MS-EI spectral methods. Aside from compound 2, all other molecules were described for the first time in this plant species.     

聚（对乙烯基苄基脲）大孔吸附树脂对银杏叶黄酮的吸附性能

通过静态吸附平衡和动态柱吸附试验,研究了自制大孔交联聚（对乙烯基苄基脲）树脂（简称PMVBU树脂）对银杏叶黄酮的吸附性能．结果表明,在pH=5．00时,该树脂对银杏叶黄酮有较好的吸附性能;PMVBU树脂对黄酮的吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附等温方程,相关系数R^2〉0．99．308K时,PMVBU干树脂对黄酮的静态饱和吸附量达293．3mg／g．298K时,干树脂的动态吸附穿透容量为180mg／g．用75％的乙醇溶液对吸附在PMVBU树脂上的黄酮可进行有效洗脱．银杏叶提取液经过该树脂吸附柱吸附纯化后,黄酮纯度提高了18．6％,且树脂具有良好的重复使用性．     

In Vivo Antistress Effects of Synthetic Flavonoids in Mice: Behavioral and Biochemical Approach

Natural flavonoids, in addition to some of their synthetic derivatives, are recognized for their remarkable medicinal properties. The present study was designed to investigate the in vitro antioxidant and in vivo antistress effect of synthetic flavonoids (flavones and flavonols) in mice, where stress was induced by injecting acetic acid and physically through swimming immobilization. Among the synthesized flavones (F1–F6) and flavonols (OF1–OF6), the mono para substituted methoxy containing F3 and OF3 exhibited maximum scavenging potential against DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) with IC₅₀ of 31.46 ± 1.46 μg/mL and 25.54 ± 1.21 μg/mL, respectively. Minimum antioxidant potential was observed for F6 and OF6 with IC₅₀ values of 174.24 ± 2.71 μg/mL and 122.33 ± 1.98 μg/mL, respectively, in comparison with tocopherol. The ABTS scavenging activity of all the synthesized flavones and flavonols were significantly higher than observed with DPPH assay, indicating their potency as good antioxidants and the effectiveness of ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) assay in evaluating antioxidant potentials of chemical substances. The flavonoids-treated animals showed a significant (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001, n = 8) reduction in the number of writhes and an increase in swimming endurance time. Stressful conditions changed plasma glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, which were used as markers when evaluating stress in animal models. The level of these markers was nearly brought to normal when pre-treated with flavones and flavonols (10 mg/kg) for fifteen days in experimental animals. These compounds also considerably reduced the levels of lipid peroxidation (TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), which was significant (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001, n = 8) compared to the control group. A significant rise in the level of catalase and SOD (super oxide dismutase) was also observed in the treated groups. Diazepam (2 mg/kg) was used as the standard drug. Additionally, the flavonoids markedly altered the weight of the adrenal glands, spleen and brain in stress-induced mice. The findings of the study suggest that these flavonoids could be used as a remedy for stress and are capable of ameliorating diverse physiological and biochemical alterations associated with stressful conditions. However, further experiments are needed to confirm the observed potentials in other animal models, especially in those with a closer resemblance to humans. Toxicological evaluations are also equally important.     

大孔树脂精制血竭总黄酮

采用D 101大孔树脂纯化血竭总黄酮,筛选适宜的吸附和解吸条件,并对解吸动力学曲线进行了数学拟合.研究结果表明:在pH 11.20、流速为1.0mL/m in、上柱原液总黄酮浓度3.64×1-0 3g/mL条件下,D 101树脂对血竭总黄酮的动态吸附容量为13.4 m g/g;用70%乙醇为洗脱剂,在pH 6.00、流速0.5 mL/m in条件下,用量为4倍柱床体积时,可洗脱下树脂吸附的血竭总黄酮,解吸率达97.1%;血竭总黄酮在D 101树脂上的解吸动力学可以用一级扩散方程较好拟合.