土壤酶与土壤肥力关系的研究

论述了各种土壤酶的特性及其相互关系;土壤酶活性与土壤肥力因素之间密切相关;施肥对土壤酶活性有着明显的影响,用酶活性的总体进行土壤肥力水平评价的可能性。     

一个光温敏雄性核不育小麦及其杂种的研究

92 40 3 0 - 1是一个光温敏雄性核不育小麦 ,92 40 3 0- 1×父本 3号是它的一个杂交种 .本文报道了 92 40 3 0 - 1的育性转换特性、主要农艺性状、异交生物学特性 ,以及 92 40 3 0- 1×父本 3号的杂种优势表现和主要制种技术 .92 40 3 0 - 1表现出短日低温不育、长日高温可育的育性转换特性 ;为半冬性品系 ,株高适中 ,株叶型理想 ,综合抗性较好 ;不育播种期下开花期较长 ,内外颖张角高达 3 0 0 ,柱头生活力达 10天以上 ,具有理想的异交生物学特性 ,制种产量达 0 .2 43 7kg/m2 ;杂种 92 40 3 0 - 1×父本 3号产量达 0 .3 881kg/m2 ,比湘麦13号增产 14.0 5 % ,达 1%的极显著水平 ,杂种综合抗性好     

Biochemical characterization of the protein encoded by rice osRACD gene

A recombinant plasmid pET-racd was first constructed by cloning osRACD,the development-regulating gene that controls photoperiod fertility transformation in the photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile rice Nongken 58S,into a prokaryote expression vector pET28a(+).It was then transformed into E.Coli BL-21.Cutting with thrombin of the fusion protein extracted from transformants and PAGE separation yielded pure osRACD protein,which was further concentrated using ultrafiltration and renatured using glutathione oxidation/reduction refolding system for later functional study.As demonstrated by in vitro functional assay,the osRACD protein expressed in E.Coli B-21 shows remarkable activity in binding GTP specifically and hydrolyzing it.     

Supercritical Fluid Extract of Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. Seeds Mitigates Fertility Impairment in a Zebrafish Model

Putrajeevak (Putranjiva roxburghii Wall.; synonym Drypetes roxburghii (Wall.) Hurus) seeds have been used since ancient times in the treatment of infertility in the Ayurvedic system of medicine in India. In this study, the oil component of Putrajeevak seeds (PJSO) was extracted using the supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) method using liquid CO₂ and the constituents were analyzed using gas chromatography-flame ionized detectorand high-performance thin-layer chromatography. PJSO contained trace amounts of β-sitosterol with oleic and linoleic acids as the major fatty acid constituents. Male and female zebrafish were mutagenized with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) and fish that produced less than 20 viable embryos were selected for the study. SCFE oil extracts from the P. roxburghii seeds were used in this study to reverse fertility impairment. The mutant fish were fed with PJSO for a period of 14 days and the rates of fertility, conception, and fecundity were determined with wild-type healthy fish as a breeding partner. Treatment with PJSO increased the ovarian follicle count as well as the number of mature eggs, while reducing the number of ovarian cysts. Sperm count as well as sperm motility were greatly enhanced in the ENU-mutagenized male zebrafish when treated with PJSO. The results obtained in this study demonstrate the effectiveness of P. roxburghii seed oil in reversing impaired fertility in both male and female zebrafish models.     

Momordica charantia Extract Protects against Diabetes-Related Spermatogenic Dysfunction in Male Rats: Molecular and Biochemical Study

More than 90% of diabetic patients suffer from sexual dysfunction, including diminished sperm count, sperm motility, and sperm viability, and low testosterone levels. The effects of Momordica charantia (MC) were studied by estimating the blood levels of insulin, glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), testosterone (TST), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) in diabetic rats treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w. of the total extract. Testicular antioxidants, epididymal sperm characteristics, testicular histopathology, and lesion scoring were also investigated. Testicular mRNA expression of apoptosis-related markers such as antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and proapoptotic Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) were evaluated by real-time PCR. Furthermore, caspase-3 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. MC administration resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose and HbA1c and marked elevation of serum levels of insulin, TST, and gonadotropins in diabetic rats. It induced a significant recovery of testicular antioxidant enzymes, improved histopathological changes of the testes, and decreased spermatogenic and Sertoli cell apoptosis. MC effectively inhibited testicular apoptosis, as evidenced by upregulation of Bcl-2 and downregulation of Bax and caspase-3. Moreover, reduction in apoptotic potential in MC-treated groups was confirmed by reduction in the Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA expression ratio.     

喀斯特山地不同人工林土壤特性差异与综合评价

通过野外采样和室内分析,研究贵州喀斯特山地不同人工林土壤特性的差异及影响因子,选择12个能反映土壤肥力质量的定量指标,采用主成分分析方法,对滇柏、桤木、杜仲、刺槐和冰脆李共5种人工林的土壤肥力进行综合评价。结果表明:(1)5种人工林土壤理化及酶活性间存在较大差异,不同林分土壤酶活性和土壤理化性质之间的相关性也存在明显差异;(2)采用PCA综合评判法可知,提取的3个主成分能反映土壤全部指标信息的93.44%;(3)不同林分土壤肥力综合指标值从大到小依次为桤木林、刺槐林、杜仲林、冰脆李林、滇柏林。     

马尾松种质资源生长及开花特性评价

对1997年营建在福建省邵武卫闽国有林场13年生的马尾松种质资源库进行调查分析,评价马尾松种质资源生长、雌雄花量性状。结果表明:不同种质材料间生长差异较大;收集的第2代种质其树高、胸径、自然整枝能力显著优于第1代种质,冠幅、分枝角度显著小于第1代种质;材用种质的生长及自然整枝能力明显优于高产脂种质,冠幅、分枝角度明显小于高产脂种质。种源子代开花最多,其次为优树子代;按纸浆材及建筑材定向培育为选育目标的子代生长量和生物量较大,但开花量最低。经过评价,537份马尾松种质资源被划分为综合表现优秀、中等、较差、差共4种类型,其中综合表现优异的种质计84份。     

Identification of an S5n allele in Oryza rufipogon Griff. and its effect on embryo sac fertility

Oryza rufipogon exhibits abundant genetic diversity and contains many elite genes. In this work, a total of 441 accessions of O. rufipogon were genetically examined using the functional marker S5n, revealing that 18 accessions carried the S5n allele with a heterozygous genotype (S5nS5i/j). Of these accessions, 14 were from Guangdong Province, 2 from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 1 from Hainan Province and 1 from Jiangxi Province. Further sequence analysis spanning both sides of the deletion in S5n allel...     

浅谈五四时期关于生育节制思想的论争

五四时期，源于西方的近代生育节制思想传人中国，得到许多先进知识分子的积极宣传和大力推广。生育节制思想在中国的广泛传播引起了一部分思想保守者的质疑甚至是激烈反对，针对反对者的质疑和诬蔑，生育节制倡导者从优生优育的立场出发积极予以反驳。双方围绕着生育节制和国家民族、社会道德、社会伦理等方面的关系展开激烈的论争，扩大了生育节制思想对中国社会的影响。