高碳铬铁在氢氧化钠水溶液中电化学氧化过程

铬铁电化学氧化法是一种新的制备铬酸钠的方法,然而高碳铬铁在NaOH水溶液中的电化学氧化过程尚不明确。 采用循环伏安法(CV)、稳态极化法(LSV)等电化学测试方法对金属铬、高碳铬铁在NaOH水溶液中的电化学氧化过程进行研究,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量散射谱(EDS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对高碳铬铁电解后固相产物表征,判断固相产物的组成。 结果表明,高碳铬铁不同于金属铬的电氧化过程,它在NaOH溶液中通过Cr(0)→Cr(Ⅵ)的电氧化方式生成铬酸钠,中间产物Cr(OH)₃和Fe(0)发生电化学反应生成稳定的FeCr₂O₄。 随着NaOH浓度的增加,电势较低时,受高碳铬铁中Fe(0)的影响,高碳铬铁容易在NaOH水溶液中发生钝化;当电势足够正时,钝化膜溶解,生成铬酸钠、氢氧化铁和亚铬酸亚铁,同时,阳极表面有氧气析出。 高碳铬铁电化学氧化制备铬酸钠的适宜条件:碱浓度≥2 mol/L,阳极电势≥1.6 V(vs.SCE)。     

含碳铬矿团块高温还原特性研究

在1250～1450℃高温范围内研究内配碳铬矿团块中Cr2O3还原率和总还原率与内配碳比和渣相碱度的关系,并分析了含碳铬矿团块还原过程中金属相和渣相聚集和分离状态的变化。结果表明,Cr2O3还原率主要受还原温度和内配碳比的影响,当还原温度高于1400℃时,控制适宜的渣相组成和内配碳比,可以实现还原产物中金属相和渣相的完全分离。利用实验得到的条件,可望开发一种新的廉价碳素铬铁的生产方法。     

微波加热内配碳酸钙高碳铬铁粉固相脱碳

高碳铬铁无渣脱碳法可避免有毒铬渣的排放,利用微波场可快速加热粉状物料的特性,在高碳铬铁粉中配加一定比例的碳酸钙粉,可实现高碳铬铁粉快速固相脱碳.实验结果表明:配加一定比例的碳酸钙粉,不会影响内配碳酸钙高碳铬铁粉混合物料的微波加热特性;提高混合物料的脱碳摩尔比、微波加热温度和保温时间,有利于高碳铬铁粉的深度脱碳,但相应加剧脱碳铬铁粉的氧化程度.合适的固相脱碳条件为:脱碳摩尔比1∶1.0~1∶1.4,微波加热温度1100℃,保温脱碳时间60 min.在上述条件下可使碳质量分数为8.16%的高碳铬铁粉脱碳至3.91%~1.71%,脱碳率为52.08%~79.04%.     

冷却速率对高碳铬铁粉电磁性能的影响

采用矢量网络参数法在1~18 GНz频段内分别对电阻炉、空气和水浴中冷却的高碳铬铁粉的电磁性能进行研究.随着冷却速率的提高,高碳铬铁粉的相对复介电常数实部和虚部在大多数频率下均增大.空冷和水冷粉料的相对复介电常数虚部在12~18 GНz频率范围内因极化弛豫而产生较大的峰值.同一频率下相对复磁导率实部随冷却速率变化的趋势与相对复介电常数相反.水冷粉料的相对复磁导率虚部在3~5GНz以外的频段内均大于另两组冷却粉料,且三组粉料的虚部在低频及高频条件下均具有峰值.在2.45 GНz的微波加热频率下,炉冷、空冷及水冷粉料的反射损耗分别为-2.30、-2.15和-2.07 dB.水冷粉料的介电损耗因子及磁损耗因子最大,微波场下具有最佳的升温速率与反应效果.     

铬铁合金电炉烟尘的性质及形成机理研究

通过对铬铁合金烟尘的微观结构、化学成分和物相组成的分析，发现铬铁合金烟尘主要是由小颗粒炉料直接卷入、电极孔飞溅、蒸发以及尾气管中化学反应产物组成。     

钢带烧结料层的干燥氧化过程仿真

针对钢带烧结机内铬铁球团的干燥氧化过程,建立一套多尺度的欧拉-欧拉双流体数学模型.基于收缩核模型计算单个球团的物理化学反应,模型预测结果与现场数据吻合.结果发现生球层的干燥可以分为两阶段:不均匀升速干燥阶段和降速干燥阶段.在生球层底部,第二干燥阶段会出现干燥速率又升高的现象,此时湿核表面温度为383 K.而当湿核半径小...     

Sintering behavior of Cr in different atmospheres and its effect on the microstructure and properties of copper-based composite materials

Copper matrix composites consisting of chromium (Cr) or ferrochrome (Cr-Fe) as strengthening elements and molybdenum disulfide as a lubricant had been sintered in nitrogen and hydrogen atmosphere, respectively. Their morphology and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) analysis showed that serious interaction occurred between MoS₂ and Cr (or Cr-Fe) particles when the samples were sintered in hydrogen atmosphere. Chromium sulfide compound (Cr_xS_y) was formed as a reaction product, which decreased the density and strength of the composites remarkably. This interaction was inhibited when the samples were sintered in nitrogen atmosphere; thus, the mechanical properties of the composites were improved.     

铬铁合金中铬含量分析方法的改进

铬铁系由铬和铁组成的铁合金,是炼钢的重要合金添加剂。对于这种铁合金中铬含量的测定,我们通过参照资料及实验,确定了用过硫酸铵氧化滴定法测定铬铁中的铬含量。此方法操作简便,分析周期短且重现性和准确性较高,适用于批量生产检验和仲裁检验。     

Evaluation of the microstructure,secondary dendrite arm spacing,and mechanical properties of Al-Si alloy castings made in sand and Fe-Cr slag molds

The microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast A356 (Al-Si) alloy castings were investigated. A356 alloy was cast into three different molds composed of sand, ferrochrome (Fe-Cr) slag, and a mixture of sand and Fe-Cr. A sodium silicate-CO₂ process was used to make the necessary molds. Cylindrical-shaped castings were prepared. Cast products with no porosity and a good surface finish were achieved in all of the molds. These castings were evaluated for their metallography, secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS), and mechanical properties, including hardness, compression, tensile, and impact properties. Furthermore, the tensile and impact samples were analyzed by fractography. The results show that faster heat transfer in the Fe-Cr slag molds than in either the silica sand or mixed molds led to lower SDAS values with a refined microstructure in the products cast in Fe-Cr slag molds. Consistent and enhanced mechanical properties were observed in the slag mold products than in the castings obtained from either sand or mixed molds. The fracture surface of the slag mold castings shows a dimple fracture morphology with a transgranular fracture nature. However, the fracture surfaces of the sand mold castings display brittle fracture. In conclusion, products cast in Fe-Cr slag molds exhibit an improved surface finish and enhanced mechanical properties compared to those of products cast in sand and mixed molds.     

自蔓延法制备铬铁合金

以Cr2O3,Fe2O3,Al为实验原料,采用自蔓延法制备铬铁合金,采用XRD技术对铬铁合金进行表征。研究结果表明:通过热力学计算,反应一经引发能够自我维持进行,加入硝酸钠作发热剂来补充热量,可以使铬铁合金熔体与熔渣更好地分离;制得的合金主要由Cr-Fe,Al2O3和Na2O等相组成。铬铁合金中铬的质量分数≥60%,相应的铁的质量分数≤35%,熔体中的熔渣(Al2O3和Na2O等)质量分数≤5%。