灭扫利防治柑桔红蜘蛛柑桔潜叶蛾茶尺蠖试验

本文报道了灭扫利(fenpropethrin)对柑桔、茶叶害虫与害螨的防治效果试验结果。灭扫利对危害柑桔及茶叶的鳞翅目幼虫具有极高的毒力,其杀虫效果明显地较目前常用的有机磷杀虫剂稳定。灭扫利防治柑桔潜叶蛾在整个梢期二次用药可达理想的防治效果;防治茶叶尺蠖具有极大的优越性;防治柑桔红蜘蛛效果显著,其特效期与施用时田间气候成负相关;与有机磷杀虫剂混合施用表现一定的增效作用。     

山楂叶螨抗药性机制的初步研究

采用玻片浸渍法测定了山西省忻州、晋中和运城地区山楂叶螨(Tetranychus viennensisZacher)种群对水胺硫磷和甲氰菊酯的抗药性,并通过增效剂增效作用和生化测定,初步探索了山楂叶螨对水胺硫磷和甲氰菊酯的抗性机制.研究表明忻州、晋中和运城地区山楂叶螨种群对水胺硫磷分别表现为低、中和高水平抗性,忻州和晋中地区种群对甲氰菊酯表现中水平抗性,运城地区种群对甲氰菊酯产生了高水平抗性;山楂叶螨对水胺硫磷抗性的形成与乙酰胆碱酯酶敏感度降低有关,对甲氰菊酯抗性的形成与表皮穿透能力降低有关,另外,谷胱甘肽     

甲氰菊酯对白鲢（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）鳃组织病理学研究

为探讨甲氰菊酯对鱼类的致毒机理，将白鲢暴露于不同浓度的甲氰菊酯溶液中，结果可见，鳃组织出现鳃小叶增生、扭曲，鳃小叶末端膨大，上皮细胞坏死脱落等现象，而且鳃组织的损伤程度与暴露剂量、时间正相关，并与鳃匀浆中的Ｎａ＋，Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力及鱼群死亡率有明显的相关关系．因此认为鳃组织病理学损伤作用是甲氰菊酯对白鲢高毒的重要原因之一．     

Research method of rapid determination of chiral pesticide fenpropathrin enantiomers in fruit and vegetable puree by supercritical fluid chromatography

A method is first established for the separation and determination of fenpropathrin enantiomer residues in apple puree, strawberry puree, and tomato puree considered a supplementary food for infants by supercritical fluid chromatography. After the sample was extracted with acetonitrile and cleaned up by a solid-phase extraction column, then it was separated by a CHIRALPAK AD-3 chiral column with gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min using methanol and supercritical carbon dioxide as the mobile phase, detected by ultraviolet detector at 230 nm wavelength and quantified with the external standard method. The limits of quantification of the two fenpropathrin enantiomers were both 0.2 mg/kg, the linear ranges were 1.0–20.0 mg/L with linear correlation coefficients greater than 0.9992, the recoveries in the spiked samples at 0.2, 0.4 and 2.0 mg/kg were from 80.6 to 105%, and the relative standard deviation reached 2.6–7.7%. This method has the advantages of convenient operation, good resolution, and environmental protection, which can satisfy the requirement of determination for fenpropathrin enantiomer residues in fruit and vegetable puree as supplementary food for infants.     

甲氰菊酯的热容及热力学性质的研究

采用精密自动绝热量热测量了自已合成并提纯到0.9916(摩尔分数)的甲氰菊酯在80~400K温区的热容.在此温区发现一固液熔化相变.其熔化温度、摩尔熔化焓、摩尔熔化熵分别为:(322.476^+~-0.012)K,(18.57^+~-0.29)kj.mol^-^1,(57.59^+~-1.01)J.K^-^1.mol^-^1.报道了该物质每隔5K的热力学函数值,用热重法研究了该化合物的热分解,对试样的化学纯度进行了量热研究。     

混凝-活性炭吸附工艺去除水中甲氰菊酯农药

通过对含甲氰菊酯农药的模拟水样进行混凝活性炭吸附处理,分别考察了混凝剂种类、投加量、pH等因素对混凝效果的影响以及木质粉末活性炭投加量、吸附时间、pH等因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,对水样作常规混凝处理时,氯化铁的处理效果优于其他混凝剂,当氯化铁的投加量为20mg/L,pH为8时,甲氰菊酯去除率可达59.4%。对水样做活性炭吸附处理时,适宜pH范围为6~9,木质粉末活性炭最佳投加量为40mg/L,最佳吸附时间为70min,在最优吸附条件下,甲氰菊酯去除率可达81.6%。在最优混凝吸附条件下,氯化铁混凝协同木质粉末活性炭吸附去除甲氰菊酯的去除率均大于90%,对水中甲氰菊酯去除效果较好。     

Heat Capacities and Thermodynamic Properties of Fenpropathrin (C22H23O3N)

The heat capacities of fenpropathrin in the temperature range from 80 to 400 K were measured with a precise automatic adiabatic calorimeter. The fenpropathrin sample was prepared with the purity of 0.9916 mole fraction. A solid—liquid fusion phase transition was observed in the experimental temperature range. The melting point, T_m, enthalpy and entropy of fusion, _fusH_m, _fusS_m, were determined to be 322.48±0.01 K, 18.57±0.29 kJ mol^–1 and 57.59±1.01 J mol^–1 K^–1, respectively. The thermodynamic functions of fenpropathrin, H_(T)—H_(298.15), S_(T)—S_(298.15) and G_(T)—G_(298.15), were reported with a temperature interval of 5 K. The TG analysis under the heating rate of 10 K min^–1 confirmed that the thermal decomposition of the sample starts at ca. 450 K and terminates at ca. 575 K. The maximum decomposition rate was obtained at 558 K. The purity of the sample was determined by a fractional melting method.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

甲氰菊酯在纳米银膜上的SERS光谱检测

本文将聚乙烯醇(PVA)包覆的纳米银粒子组装在铝片表面形成的纳米银薄膜作为表面增强拉曼散射基底,使用扫描电镜对纳米银膜的表面形貌进行了表征。同时采用近红外激光(785nm)作为激发光对甲氰菊酯的丙酮溶液(10-4~10-7 mol/L)进行了近红外表面增强拉曼散射(NIR-SERS)光谱检测。结果表明该方法对甲氰菊酯的检测极限为10-6 mol/L。最后对甲氰菊酯的NIR-SERS光谱重现性进行了检测,即分别检测了浓度为10-4 mol/L和10-5 mol/L的甲氰菊酯丙酮溶液各6个样品,实验结果表明该纳米银膜在检测甲氰菊酯时体现出了较好的重复性。     

灭扫利防治美洲斑潜蝇的效果

四种杀虫剂用以防治美洲斑潜蝇的试验结果表明：20％灭扫利1000倍防效最好，残效期较长，保叶效果较好。