Critical slope gradient for compulsory abandonment of farmland on the hilly Loess Plateau

Scientific evidence for the upper limit of farmland is proposed. Shallow gully erosion is one of erosion types distributed extensively on sloping farmland in the hilly regions of the Loess Plateau. Field observation and aerial photos interpretation, as well as laboratory experiments show that the shallow gully erosion occurring on the steeper farmland in the hilly regions of the Loess Plateau is an important factor leading to intensive erosion on slope, because of its extensive distribution and intensive runoff collection. The data on the formation, development and distribution of shallow gullies on sloping farmland indicate that critical slope gradient for shallow gully initiation ranges from 15 to 20 degrees with an average of 18.2 degrees. Therefore, it is suggested that critical slope gradient for compulsory abandonment of farmland on the hilly Loess Plateau should be kept within the critical slope gradient for shallow gully initiation to prevent shallow gully formation in order to control soil loss more effectively. But as the first step, the cultivation on the slopes with slope larger than 25 degrees where the maximum erosion occurs should be strictly forbidden.     

城市化背景下农用地价格体系的构建与量化--以宜兴市为例

把农地的生态环境价值、社会价值以及生产经济价值一起作为农地非农化中农地的转化价格，讨论了其价格体系的构建方法，对生产经济价格采用收益还原法，社会保障价格采用养老保险法，社会稳定价格采用耕地开垦费法，生态环境价格采用影子价格法来分别进行该价格体系的量化，得到了宜兴市农用地价格体系，进行了土地增值收益的测算，指出目前我国征地补偿价格过低的现象，并初步探讨了土地增值收益在国家、集体和农民之间的分配问题．     

耕地保护的新思路

如何切实有效地保护好耕地，是国人关注的问题，也是政府关心的问题。保护耕地就是保护我们的生命线，耕地保护与国家粮食安全息息相关。从我国人多地少和处于高速发展时期等客观国情考虑，耕地保护形势不客乐观。因此，在对土地概念认识的基础上，提出了加强土地立体开发的新思路，并从大资源观出发提出了积极寻求替代资源、扩大资源利用范围的“新途径”。     

徐淮平原农田防护林带杨树根系特征研究

主要研究徐淮平原农田防护林带林木根系分布特征，结论如下：①在道路和沟坡上，随着离根株距离的增加，根系生物量和长度急剧下降；根株附近大根所占比率较高，而较远处细根所占比率较高。②道路土壤中细根相对较少，而农田中较多。③无论在农田还是在道路中，根系主要分布在０￣４０ｃｍ土层内；但路边大根分布深。     

农田灌溉水循环利用系统构建方法

介绍了将农田中坑塘湿地改建用于储存降雨径流和农田灌溉排水进行回用的水循环系统构建方法,在提出水循环调蓄湿地体积估算方法的基础上,构建了调蓄湿地水循环利用系统,分析了高效净污载体、微生物筛选与附着、水生植物群落配置和水动力微循环交换系统等水质净化技术,指出区域降水量和降雨历时是影响水循环调蓄湿地体积和循环水利用量的重要因素。对上海崇明水稻田循环调蓄湿地系统进行了设计与构建,循环调蓄湿地运行后共节约灌溉水量6 239.9～9 359.9 m³。     

宁夏彭阳县退耕还林还草研究

运用了生态学、经济学的办法,在彭阳县退耕还林还草的大前提下,对于彭阳县的各种状况进行了分析,探讨了以农林牧复合体系为指导的生了一条果园复合经营脱贫致富的新路子。态农业,并论证了其可行性,分析了三种模式综合所能带来的生态经济效益,开创     

加快后续产业建设 巩固退耕还林成果

分析了泽州县退耕还林后续产业发展的现状,针对目前退耕还林后续产业发展中存在的问题,提出了泽州县退耕还林后续产业的发展方向,探讨了促进该地区后续产业发展的措施.     

平原农田林网环境效益监测

农田林网具有改善环境的重要作用,本文从农田林网吸收有害气体、滞尘、灭菌,减弱噪声方面进行了监测,以说明一定区域内农田林网的环境效益与功能。结果证明,农田林网的环境效益显著,并对环境产生积极影响     

Validation of three infiltration models on purple soil under simulated rainfall

So as to find models suitable for the prediction of water infiltration in purple soil,infiltration rates simulated by three popular empirical infiltration models,Horton model,Kostiakov model,and the modified Kostiakov model,were compared by using those observed results on slope in purple soil under rainfall simulation.28 sets of infiltration data were divided into two parts for parameter estimation and validation independently.The performance of the three infiltration models was evaluated with the Nash and Sutcliffe efficiency criterion.The results show that the percent for Nash and Sutcliffe efficiency greater than 0.7 is about 69.7% for the Horton model,and 48.48%,and 54.55% for the Kostiakov model and the modified Kostiakov model,respectively.Horton model is better than Kostiakov model and the modified Kostiakov model in most rain events in the field.However,Kostiakov model is still suitable for reasonable prediction of the infiltration in purple soil sloping farmland because fewer parameters are needed.Furthermore,rainfall intensity has significant effects on the parameter values used in the simulation models.The simulation results can be improved by choosing suitable parameters according to the rainfall intensity.     

厦门市农村土地流转的现状、问题与改革思路

在分析厦门市农村土地流转现状的基础上,指出厦门农村农用地和集体建设用地的问题,并提出:以土地确权为基础、市场化机制建设为核心,以集中性租赁、股份合作模式为主导推进农用地流转;以"保权让利"模式为主导推进农村集体建设用地和农村房屋流转,逐步实现农村资产的资本化等对策,以建立农村土地流转的创新型模式。