胶束介质在动力学分析中的应用

评述了胶束介质在动力学分析测定中的作用和应用状况，讨论了胶束催化的动力学特征，胶束对反应物理化学性质的修饰及其在动力学多组份测定和酶催化动力学分析中的应用。     

Highly conformationally constrained halogenated 6-spiroepoxypenicillins as probes for the bioactive side-chain conformation of benzylpenicillin

Summary The halogenated 6-spiroepoxypenicillins are a series of novel semisynthetic-lactam compounds with highly conformationally restricted side chains incorporating an epoxide. Their biological activity profiles depend crucially on the configuration at position C-3 of that epoxide. In derivatives with aromatic-containing side chains, e.g., anilide, the 3R-compounds possess notable Gram-positive antibacterial activity and potent-lactamase inhibitory properties. The comparable 3S-compounds are antibacterially inactive, but retain-lactamase inhibitory activity.Using the molecular simulation programs COSMIC and ASTRAL, we attempted to map a putative, lipophilic accessory binding site on the PBPs that must interact with the side-chain aromatic residue. Comparative computer-assisted modelling of the 3R, and 3S-anilides, along with benzylpenicillin, indicated that the available conformational space at room temperature for the side chains of the 3R and the 3S-anilides was mutually exclusive. The conformational space for the more flexible benzylpenicillin could accommodate the side chains ofboth the constrained penicillin derivatives. By a combination of van der Waals surface calculations and a pharmacophoric distance approach, closely coincident conformers of the 3R-anilide and benzylpenicillin were identified. These conformers must be related to the antibacterial, bioactive conformer for the classical-lactam antibiotics. From these proposed bioactive conformations, a model for the binding of benzylpenicillin to the PBPs relating the three-dimensional arrangement of a putative lipophilic S₂-subsite, specific for the side-chain aromatic moiety, and the 3-carboxylate functionality is presented.This work has been reported in preliminary form at the 4th Royal Society of Chemistry International Symposium on Recent Advances in the Chemistry of-lactam Antibiotics, Churchill College, Cambridge, U.K., 3–6 July 1988.     

玉米淀粉酶催化糖化的反应动力学模型

发现玉米淀粉的酶糖化反应，可以用酶的三态模型描述，而且该反应具有单底物酶动力学犍征。用三态模型导出的反应动力学模型式计算反应速度等参数，其计算结果实验数据基本一致。     

白喉毒素活性中心的量子化学计算与149位突变体的酶学动力学

通过量子化学计算确定白喉毒素分子催化区活性中心的关键氨基酸残基, 评价其取代后的酶活性的改变, 为导向性抗癌药物研究提供高效杀伤细胞工具. 结合目前关于白喉毒素结构与功能的研究状况和量子化学计算结果, 将白喉毒素催化区的第149位酪氨酸突变为苯丙氨酸, 对其酶活性和与底物的结合能力进行评价. Y149位酪氨酸位于正电中心, 起受电子作用, 与野生白喉毒素相比, 苯丙氨酸突变体的酶催化活性增加约一倍, 而与底物结合能力没有变化. Y149是酶活性中心的关键氨基酸残基, 对其取代能够影响蛋白质的生物活性.     

小鼠巨噬细胞受S-O_2-1菌苗激活后的免疫增强效应

本文研究了小鼠巨噬细胞受S-O_2-1菌苗激活后的免疫增强效应.不同种鼠的小腹腔巨噬细胞均可被S-O_2-1菌苗激活,并能使其增殖,体积增大.激活后的巨噬细胞的亚微结构变化显著,细胞突起增多,表面积增加,线粒体及溶酶体增多,吞噬功能增强;细胞内溶菌酶、酸性磷酸酶及非特异性脂酶的活性明显增加.结果表明,S-O_2-1菌苗能增强小鼠巨噬细胞的免疫功能.     

Paenibacillus sp.K1 α-半乳糖苷酶酶学性质

利用CODEHOP PCR和Anchor-ligated PCR方法从类芽孢杆菌Paenibacillus sp.K1中克隆得到一个α-半乳糖苷酶基因aga P1,大小为2 190 bp,同源性分析显示,该基因与其他α-半乳糖苷酶基因的序列相似低,是一个新的α-半乳糖苷酶基因。将aga P1在大肠杆菌Origami B(DE3)中表达并纯化获得Aga P1,酶学性质分析显示:以p NPG为底物时,Aga P1最适反应温度为40℃,最适p H 6.5~10,Km值为0.75 mmol/L,最大反应速率Vmax为1.96μmol·min-1·mg-1。同时Fe2+、Mg2+、Ca2+、K+和甘油能使α-半乳糖苷酶酶活提高1~3倍,而Cu2+、Zn2+、Fe3+和还原型谷胱甘肽则抑制该酶的活性。SDS-PAGE检测Aga P1蛋白大小约为80 ku,与理论预测值基本一致;Native-PAGE分析表明正常条件下Aga P1蛋白以二聚体或六聚体形式存在。以上结果显示,Paenibacillus sp.K1产生的α-半乳糖苷酶为一个新的低温α-半乳糖苷酶。     

Simplified sample preparation for GC speciation analysis of organotin in marine biomaterials

Two simple sample preparation methods for the speciation analysis of triphenyltin and butyltin compounds in marine biotissues, using tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solubilization and enzymic hydrolysis, have been developed and compared with conventional acid digestion. Derivatization was carried out in situ using sodium tetraethylborate (NaBEt₄) without prior separation of the analytes from the tissue matrix. Separation and detection was performed using capillary gas chromatography (GC) coupled to microwave-induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry (MIP AE) allowing detection limits of 2 ng g^?1 (as tin) to be reached. The accuracy of the presented methods was demonstrated by the analysis of a fish reference material (NIES No. 11). the necessity for sample clean-up is discussed and examples of the analysis of mussel tissue are shown.     

发酵耦合酶解高效制备右旋糖酐工艺研究

【目的】改进肠膜明串珠菌（Leuconostoc mesenteriodes 31208）发酵蔗糖制备右旋糖酐的工艺,实现灵活控制分子量及高效制备右旋糖酐的目标。【方法】采用单因素实验法研究蔗糖浓度对蔗糖转化的影响,确定蔗糖流加工艺的各个参数,以及右旋糖酐酶添加耦合蔗糖流加的工艺条件。【结果】通过调控右旋糖酐酶添加工艺,可灵活控制右旋糖酐的分子量,无需再经酸水解及乙醇分级沉淀就可以得到不同分子量的右旋糖酐,节省无水乙醇的用量;且确定的最佳蔗糖流加工艺参数：初始蔗糖浓度为130 g／L,流加速度为12 g·L－1·h－1,起始流加时间为16 h。与蔗糖单批发酵结果相比,该工艺可使蔗糖转化效率提高约75％,特定分子量（5000～7500 Da）右旋糖酐浓度可达108 g／L,相应提高2．3倍,收率稳定在32％左右。【结论】该方法具有发酵易调控、高效和成本低的优点,对大规模生产右旋糖酐具有重要的参考价值和应用价值。     

脱脂鲢肉酶解工艺技术研究

采用蒸煮法、脂肪酶法、乙醚法对鲢肉进行脱脂．并比较不同酶制剂对脱脂鲢肉的水解效果．试验结果表明。脂肪酶法的脱脂效果最好,其脱脂率为98．11％．根据水解度及感官品尝指标,从5种酶中优选出复合蛋白酶为脱脂鱼肉的最佳水解酶．并通过正交实验确定该酶的最佳水解工艺条件：pH6．5,温度55℃,酶最3000U／g．蛋白质,底物浓度（鱼肉：水）1：3．     

由取代丙氨酸合成的光学活性β—氨基醇

有竽前手性酮立体选择性还原一种新催化剂，光学活性β－氨基醇（Ｓ）－２－氨基－３－（２，５－二甲苯基）－１，１－二苯基－１－丙醇（７）由（Ｓ）－Ｎ－乙酰基－３－（２，５－二甲苯基）－１－丙氨酸制得，丙氨酸衍生物的丙二酸酯法合成，然后经过酶拆分得到。